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型に厳密なdataclass

Last updated at Posted at 2019-09-27

シンプルなdataclasses.dataclassはアトリビュートの型が定義と異なってもインスタンス化が可能。つまり以下のような例が実行可能。

@dataclasses.dataclass
class NormalDataclass:
    foo: int

NormalDataclass(foo=1.1)  # ok

厳密に型をチェックしたい場合は__post_init__を定義すれば良い。__init__の後に呼ばれるのでここで型チェックをしてみよう。

@dataclasses.dataclass
class StrictDataclass:
    def __post_init__(self):
        for key, val in self.__dataclass_fields__.items():
            member = getattr(self, key)
            assert isinstance(member, val.type), f"Invalid Type of member: {type(member)} != {val.type}"

    foo: int


StrictDataclass(foo=1)  # ok
StrictDataclass(foo=1.2)  # AsertionError: Invalid Type of member: <class 'float'> != <class 'int'>

不正な値が入ってきた場合にいち早くassertionを投げてくれるのでデバックがしやすくなるかもしれない。

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