Bash on Ubuntu on Windows とは
Windows上でLinux環境が使えるようになりますよ、というものです。
VMwareやVirtualBoxなどの仮想環境上でゲストOSとしてLinuxを動かすのではなく、素のLinuxバイナリが動きます。その意味ではCygwinやMSYSに近いものですが、Bash on Ubuntu on Linuxは、Ubuntuのamd64のバイナリがそのまま動きます。(LinuxのシステムコールをリアルタイムでWindowsのシステムコールに変換しているそうです。)
Ubuntuのユーザースペースが(ほぼ)そのまま動くので、実行できるアプリはBashに限りません。普通にapt-getでアプリを追加できます。
仕組みや制限事項は下記の記事が詳しいです。
http://www.atmarkit.co.jp/ait/articles/1604/11/news031.html
2016年4月現在ではまだ正式版になっていませんので、あくまで開発者向けベータリリースという位置づけです。ご利用は自己責任で。
インストール
基本的な手順は単純です。
- Windows 10 Insider Preview (Build 14316以降)をインストール
- コマンドプロンプトで
bashを実行
ただ、色々はまりどころがあるので注意が必要です。
Windows 10 Insider Previewのインストール
↓の記事が詳しいです。
Bash on Windows 10を使い始めてみた。
Insider Preview版が降ってくるのに1日以上かかるので、気長に待っていてください。
また、Inseider Previewにしたら私のPCではエクスプローラーが度々クラッシュするようになってしまいました(原因は追っていません)。ご利用は計画的に。
Bash on Ubuntu on Windowsのインストール
「Windows Subsystem for Linux」をインストールして再起動した後に、コマンドプロンプトでbashを実行すると、Bash on Ubuntu on Linuxのインストールが始まります。
しかし、Windowsログイン時のユーザー名が日本語だとインストールに失敗します。正確には、ユーザーフォルダの名前が日本語だとダメなようです。
仕方がないので、私は下記のようにしてユーザーフォルダがアルファベットだけになるようにして回避しました。
※元々のアカウントがMicrosoftアカウントに紐づけられていた前提で
-
Windowsのローカルアカウントを新しく作成
ユーザー名をアルファベットのみにすること - 元々Windowsログイン時に使用していたユーザーのサインイン方法をMicrosoftアカウントからローカルアカウントに変更
- 1で作ったローカルアカウントをMicrosoftアカウントに紐づけ
私はこれに相当はまりました。。。
初期設定
一般ユーザーの作成
コマンドプロンプトでbashと入力したり、スタートメニューから「Bash on Ubuntu on Windows」を選択して起動すると、rootユーザーで実行されます。これはかなりキモチ悪いので、一般ユーザーを作成してそれでログインするようにしました。
まず最初はrootユーザーでログインし、一般ユーザを作成、sudoersの権限も付与します。
[root@localhost:~]# adduser user_name
[root@localhost:~]# gpasswd -a user_name sudo
一度exitします。
「Bash on Ubuntu on Windows」のアイコンを右クリックし、「プロパティ」を選択。「リンク先」を下記に変更します。
C:\Windows\System32\bash.exe -c "su user_name"
/home/user_bame/.bashrcの最後の行に下記を追記。
cd ~
これで「Bash on Ubuntu on Windows」のアイコンをクリックしたときは、一般ユーザーのホームディレクトリから始めることができるようになります。
使ってみた感想
エディタが使い物にならねえ
なんでしょうね。フォントサイズやターミナル(画面)のサイズが勝手に色々変わるので、viが使いものになりません。emacs-noxを入れてみましたが、まあ、ダメですね。
一応、インストール直後のインストール済みパッケージリストを下記に張り付けておきます。
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-=================================-=====================-=====================-=======================================================================
ii accountsservice 0.6.35-0ubuntu7.2 amd64 query and manipulate user account information
ii acpid 1:2.0.21-1ubuntu2 amd64 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface event daemon
ii adduser 3.113+nmu3ubuntu3 all add and remove users and groups
ii apparmor 2.8.95~2430-0ubuntu5. amd64 User-space parser utility for AppArmor
ii apport 2.14.1-0ubuntu3.19 all automatically generate crash reports for debugging
ii apport-symptoms 0.20 all symptom scripts for apport
ii apt 1.0.1ubuntu2.11 amd64 commandline package manager
ii apt-transport-https 1.0.1ubuntu2.11 amd64 https download transport for APT
ii apt-utils 1.0.1ubuntu2.11 amd64 package management related utility programs
ii apt-xapian-index 0.45ubuntu4 all maintenance and search tools for a Xapian index of Debian packages
ii aptitude 0.6.8.2-1ubuntu4 amd64 terminal-based package manager
ii aptitude-common 0.6.8.2-1ubuntu4 all architecture indepedent files for the aptitude package manager
ii at 3.1.14-1ubuntu1 amd64 Delayed job execution and batch processing
ii base-files 7.2ubuntu5.4 amd64 Debian base system miscellaneous files
ii base-passwd 3.5.33 amd64 Debian base system master password and group files
ii bash 4.3-7ubuntu1.5 amd64 GNU Bourne Again SHell
ii bash-completion 1:2.1-4ubuntu0.1 all programmable completion for the bash shell
ii bc 1.06.95-8ubuntu1 amd64 GNU bc arbitrary precision calculator language
ii bind9-host 1:9.9.5.dfsg-3ubuntu0 amd64 Version of 'host' bundled with BIND 9.X
ii bsdmainutils 9.0.5ubuntu1 amd64 collection of more utilities from FreeBSD
ii bsdutils 1:2.20.1-5.1ubuntu20. amd64 Basic utilities from 4.4BSD-Lite
ii busybox-initramfs 1:1.21.0-1ubuntu1 amd64 Standalone shell setup for initramfs
ii busybox-static 1:1.21.0-1ubuntu1 amd64 Standalone rescue shell with tons of builtin utilities
ii byobu 5.77-0ubuntu1.2 all powerful, text based window manager and shell multiplexer
ii bzip2 1.0.6-5 amd64 high-quality block-sorting file compressor - utilities
ii ca-certificates 20160104ubuntu0.14.04 all Common CA certificates
ii cloud-guest-utils 0.27-0ubuntu9.2 all cloud guest utilities
ii cloud-init 0.7.5-0ubuntu1.17 all Init scripts for cloud instances
ii command-not-found 0.3ubuntu12 all Suggest installation of packages in interactive bash sessions
ii command-not-found-data 0.3ubuntu12 amd64 Set of data files for command-not-found.
ii console-setup 1.70ubuntu8 all console font and keymap setup program
ii coreutils 8.21-1ubuntu5.4 amd64 GNU core utilities
ii cpio 2.11+dfsg-1ubuntu1.2 amd64 GNU cpio -- a program to manage archives of files
ii cron 3.0pl1-124ubuntu2 amd64 process scheduling daemon
ii cryptsetup 2:1.6.1-1ubuntu1 amd64 disk encryption support - startup scripts
ii cryptsetup-bin 2:1.6.1-1ubuntu1 amd64 disk encryption support - command line tools
ii curl 7.35.0-1ubuntu2.6 amd64 command line tool for transferring data with URL syntax
ii dash 0.5.7-4ubuntu1 amd64 POSIX-compliant shell
ii dbus 1.6.18-0ubuntu4.3 amd64 simple interprocess messaging system (daemon and utilities)
ii debconf 1.5.51ubuntu2 all Debian configuration management system
ii debconf-i18n 1.5.51ubuntu2 all full internationalization support for debconf
ii debianutils 4.4 amd64 Miscellaneous utilities specific to Debian
ii dh-python 1.20140128-1ubuntu8.2 all Debian helper tools for packaging Python libraries and applications
ii diffutils 1:3.3-1 amd64 File comparison utilities
ii dmidecode 2.12-2 amd64 SMBIOS/DMI table decoder
ii dmsetup 2:1.02.77-6ubuntu2 amd64 Linux Kernel Device Mapper userspace library
ii dnsutils 1:9.9.5.dfsg-3ubuntu0 amd64 Clients provided with BIND
ii dosfstools 3.0.26-1 amd64 utilities for making and checking MS-DOS FAT filesystems
ii dpkg 1.17.5ubuntu5.5 amd64 Debian package management system
ii e2fslibs:amd64 1.42.9-3ubuntu1.3 amd64 ext2/ext3/ext4 file system libraries
ii e2fsprogs 1.42.9-3ubuntu1.3 amd64 ext2/ext3/ext4 file system utilities
ii eatmydata 26-2 amd64 library and utilities designed to disable fsync and friends
ii ed 1.9-2 amd64 classic UNIX line editor
ii eject 2.1.5+deb1+cvs2008110 amd64 ejects CDs and operates CD-Changers under Linux
ii emacs24-bin-common 24.3+1-2ubuntu1 amd64 GNU Emacs editor's shared, architecture dependent files
ii emacs24-common 24.3+1-2ubuntu1 all GNU Emacs editor's shared, architecture independent infrastructure
ii emacs24-common-non-dfsg 24.3+1-1 all GNU Emacs common non-DFSG items, including the core documentation
ii emacs24-nox 24.3+1-2ubuntu1 amd64 GNU Emacs editor (without X support)
ii emacsen-common 2.0.7 all Common facilities for all emacsen
ii ethtool 1:3.13-1 amd64 display or change Ethernet device settings
ii file 1:5.14-2ubuntu3.3 amd64 Determines file type using "magic" numbers
ii findutils 4.4.2-7 amd64 utilities for finding files--find, xargs
ii fonts-ubuntu-font-family-console 0.80-0ubuntu6 all Ubuntu Font Family Linux console fonts, sans-serif monospace
ii friendly-recovery 0.2.25 all Make recovery more user-friendly
ii ftp 0.17-28 amd64 classical file transfer client
ii fuse 2.9.2-4ubuntu4.14.04. amd64 Filesystem in Userspace
ii gawk 1:4.0.1+dfsg-2.1ubunt amd64 GNU awk, a pattern scanning and processing language
ii gcc-4.8-base:amd64 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04. amd64 GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
ii gcc-4.9-base:amd64 4.9.3-0ubuntu4 amd64 GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
ii gdisk 0.8.8-1ubuntu0.1 amd64 GPT fdisk text-mode partitioning tool
ii geoip-database 20140313-1 all IP lookup command line tools that use the GeoIP library (country databa
ii gettext-base 0.18.3.1-1ubuntu3 amd64 GNU Internationalization utilities for the base system
ii gir1.2-glib-2.0 1.40.0-1ubuntu0.2 amd64 Introspection data for GLib, GObject, Gio and GModule
ii gnupg 1.4.16-1ubuntu2.3 amd64 GNU privacy guard - a free PGP replacement
ii gpgv 1.4.16-1ubuntu2.3 amd64 GNU privacy guard - signature verification tool
ii grep 2.16-1 amd64 GNU grep, egrep and fgrep
ii groff-base 1.22.2-5 amd64 GNU troff text-formatting system (base system components)
ii gzip 1.6-3ubuntu1 amd64 GNU compression utilities
ii hdparm 9.43-1ubuntu3 amd64 tune hard disk parameters for high performance
ii hostname 3.15ubuntu1 amd64 utility to set/show the host name or domain name
ii ifupdown 0.7.47.2ubuntu4.4 amd64 high level tools to configure network interfaces
ii info 5.2.0.dfsg.1-2 amd64 Standalone GNU Info documentation browser
ii init-system-helpers 1.14 all helper tools for all init systems
ii initramfs-tools 0.103ubuntu4.2 all tools for generating an initramfs
ii initramfs-tools-bin 0.103ubuntu4.2 amd64 binaries used by initramfs-tools
ii initscripts 2.88dsf-41ubuntu6.3 amd64 scripts for initializing and shutting down the system
ii insserv 1.14.0-5ubuntu2 amd64 boot sequence organizer using LSB init.d script dependency information
ii install-info 5.2.0.dfsg.1-2 amd64 Manage installed documentation in info format
ii iproute2 3.12.0-2ubuntu1 amd64 networking and traffic control tools
ii iptables 1.4.21-1ubuntu1 amd64 administration tools for packet filtering and NAT
ii iputils-ping 3:20121221-4ubuntu1.1 amd64 Tools to test the reachability of network hosts
ii iputils-tracepath 3:20121221-4ubuntu1.1 amd64 Tools to trace the network path to a remote host
ii irqbalance 1.0.6-2ubuntu0.14.04. amd64 Daemon to balance interrupts for SMP systems
ii isc-dhcp-client 4.2.4-7ubuntu12.4 amd64 ISC DHCP client
ii isc-dhcp-common 4.2.4-7ubuntu12.4 amd64 common files used by all the isc-dhcp* packages
ii iso-codes 3.52-1 all ISO language, territory, currency, script codes and their translations
ii kbd 1.15.5-1ubuntu1 amd64 Linux console font and keytable utilities
ii keyboard-configuration 1.70ubuntu8 all system-wide keyboard preferences
ii klibc-utils 2.0.3-0ubuntu1 amd64 small utilities built with klibc for early boot
ii kmod 15-0ubuntu6 amd64 tools for managing Linux kernel modules
ii krb5-locales 1.12+dfsg-2ubuntu5.2 all Internationalization support for MIT Kerberos
ii landscape-client 14.12-0ubuntu0.14.04 amd64 The Landscape administration system client
ii landscape-common 14.12-0ubuntu0.14.04 amd64 The Landscape administration system client - Common files
ii language-selector-common 0.129.3 all Language selector for Ubuntu
ii laptop-detect 0.13.7ubuntu2 amd64 attempt to detect a laptop
ii less 458-2 amd64 pager program similar to more
ii libaccountsservice0:amd64 0.6.35-0ubuntu7.2 amd64 query and manipulate user account information - shared libraries
ii libacl1:amd64 2.2.52-1 amd64 Access control list shared library
ii libapparmor-perl 2.8.95~2430-0ubuntu5. amd64 AppArmor library Perl bindings
ii libapparmor1:amd64 2.8.95~2430-0ubuntu5. amd64 changehat AppArmor library
ii libapt-inst1.5:amd64 1.0.1ubuntu2.11 amd64 deb package format runtime library
ii libapt-pkg4.12:amd64 1.0.1ubuntu2.11 amd64 package management runtime library
ii libarchive-extract-perl 0.70-1 all generic archive extracting module
ii libasn1-8-heimdal:amd64 1.6~git20131207+dfsg- amd64 Heimdal Kerberos - ASN.1 library
ii libasound2:amd64 1.0.27.2-3ubuntu7 amd64 shared library for ALSA applications
ii libasound2-data 1.0.27.2-3ubuntu7 all Configuration files and profiles for ALSA drivers
ii libasprintf0c2:amd64 0.18.3.1-1ubuntu3 amd64 GNU library to use fprintf and friends in C++
ii libattr1:amd64 1:2.4.47-1ubuntu1 amd64 Extended attribute shared library
ii libaudit-common 1:2.3.2-2ubuntu1 all Dynamic library for security auditing - common files
ii libaudit1:amd64 1:2.3.2-2ubuntu1 amd64 Dynamic library for security auditing
ii libbind9-90 1:9.9.5.dfsg-3ubuntu0 amd64 BIND9 Shared Library used by BIND
ii libblkid1:amd64 2.20.1-5.1ubuntu20.7 amd64 block device id library
ii libboost-iostreams1.54.0:amd64 1.54.0-4ubuntu3.1 amd64 Boost.Iostreams Library
ii libbsd0:amd64 0.6.0-2ubuntu1 amd64 utility functions from BSD systems - shared library
ii libbz2-1.0:amd64 1.0.6-5 amd64 high-quality block-sorting file compressor library - runtime
ii libc-bin 2.19-0ubuntu6.7 amd64 Embedded GNU C Library: Binaries
ii libc6:amd64 2.19-0ubuntu6.7 amd64 Embedded GNU C Library: Shared libraries
ii libcap-ng0 0.7.3-1ubuntu2 amd64 An alternate POSIX capabilities library
ii libcap2:amd64 1:2.24-0ubuntu2 amd64 support for getting/setting POSIX.1e capabilities
ii libcap2-bin 1:2.24-0ubuntu2 amd64 basic utility programs for using capabilities
ii libcgmanager0:amd64 0.24-0ubuntu7.5 amd64 Central cgroup manager daemon (client library)
ii libck-connector0:amd64 0.4.5-3.1ubuntu2 amd64 ConsoleKit libraries
ii libclass-accessor-perl 0.34-1 all Perl module that automatically generates accessors
ii libcomerr2:amd64 1.42.9-3ubuntu1.3 amd64 common error description library
ii libcryptsetup4 2:1.6.1-1ubuntu1 amd64 disk encryption support - shared library
ii libcurl3:amd64 7.35.0-1ubuntu2.6 amd64 easy-to-use client-side URL transfer library (OpenSSL flavour)
ii libcurl3-gnutls:amd64 7.35.0-1ubuntu2.6 amd64 easy-to-use client-side URL transfer library (GnuTLS flavour)
ii libcwidget3 0.5.16-3.5ubuntu1 amd64 high-level terminal interface library for C++ (runtime files)
ii libdb5.3:amd64 5.3.28-3ubuntu3 amd64 Berkeley v5.3 Database Libraries [runtime]
ii libdbus-1-3:amd64 1.6.18-0ubuntu4.3 amd64 simple interprocess messaging system (library)
ii libdbus-glib-1-2:amd64 0.100.2-1 amd64 simple interprocess messaging system (GLib-based shared library)
ii libdebconfclient0:amd64 0.187ubuntu1 amd64 Debian Configuration Management System (C-implementation library)
ii libdevmapper1.02.1:amd64 2:1.02.77-6ubuntu2 amd64 Linux Kernel Device Mapper userspace library
ii libdns100 1:9.9.5.dfsg-3ubuntu0 amd64 DNS Shared Library used by BIND
ii libdrm2:amd64 2.4.64-1~ubuntu14.04. amd64 Userspace interface to kernel DRM services -- runtime
ii libdumbnet1 1.12-4build1 amd64 A dumb, portable networking library -- shared library
ii libedit2:amd64 3.1-20130712-2 amd64 BSD editline and history libraries
ii libelf1:amd64 0.158-0ubuntu5.2 amd64 library to read and write ELF files
ii libept1.4.12:amd64 1.0.12 amd64 High-level library for managing Debian package information
ii libestr0 0.1.9-0ubuntu2 amd64 Helper functions for handling strings (lib)
ii libevent-2.0-5:amd64 2.0.21-stable-1ubuntu amd64 Asynchronous event notification library
ii libexpat1:amd64 2.1.0-4ubuntu1.1 amd64 XML parsing C library - runtime library
ii libffi6:amd64 3.1~rc1+r3.0.13-12ubu amd64 Foreign Function Interface library runtime
ii libfreetype6:amd64 2.5.2-1ubuntu2.5 amd64 FreeType 2 font engine, shared library files
ii libfribidi0:amd64 0.19.6-1 amd64 Free Implementation of the Unicode BiDi algorithm
ii libfuse2:amd64 2.9.2-4ubuntu4.14.04. amd64 Filesystem in Userspace (library)
ii libgc1c2:amd64 1:7.2d-5ubuntu2 amd64 conservative garbage collector for C and C++
ii libgcc1:amd64 1:4.9.3-0ubuntu4 amd64 GCC support library
ii libgck-1-0:amd64 3.10.1-1 amd64 Glib wrapper library for PKCS#11 - runtime
ii libgcr-3-common 3.10.1-1 all Library for Crypto UI related tasks - common files
ii libgcr-base-3-1:amd64 3.10.1-1 amd64 Library for Crypto related tasks
ii libgcrypt11:amd64 1.5.3-2ubuntu4.3 amd64 LGPL Crypto library - runtime library
ii libgdbm3:amd64 1.8.3-12build1 amd64 GNU dbm database routines (runtime version)
ii libgeoip1:amd64 1.6.0-1 amd64 non-DNS IP-to-country resolver library
ii libgirepository-1.0-1 1.40.0-1ubuntu0.2 amd64 Library for handling GObject introspection data (runtime library)
ii libglib2.0-0:amd64 2.40.2-0ubuntu1 amd64 GLib library of C routines
ii libglib2.0-data 2.40.2-0ubuntu1 all Common files for GLib library
ii libgnutls-openssl27:amd64 2.12.23-12ubuntu2.5 amd64 GNU TLS library - OpenSSL wrapper
ii libgnutls26:amd64 2.12.23-12ubuntu2.5 amd64 GNU TLS library - runtime library
ii libgpg-error0:amd64 1.12-0.2ubuntu1 amd64 library for common error values and messages in GnuPG components
ii libgpm2:amd64 1.20.4-6.1 amd64 General Purpose Mouse - shared library
ii libgssapi-krb5-2:amd64 1.12+dfsg-2ubuntu5.2 amd64 MIT Kerberos runtime libraries - krb5 GSS-API Mechanism
ii libgssapi3-heimdal:amd64 1.6~git20131207+dfsg- amd64 Heimdal Kerberos - GSSAPI support library
ii libhcrypto4-heimdal:amd64 1.6~git20131207+dfsg- amd64 Heimdal Kerberos - crypto library
ii libheimbase1-heimdal:amd64 1.6~git20131207+dfsg- amd64 Heimdal Kerberos - Base library
ii libheimntlm0-heimdal:amd64 1.6~git20131207+dfsg- amd64 Heimdal Kerberos - NTLM support library
ii libhx509-5-heimdal:amd64 1.6~git20131207+dfsg- amd64 Heimdal Kerberos - X509 support library
ii libicu52:amd64 52.1-3ubuntu0.4 amd64 International Components for Unicode
ii libidn11:amd64 1.28-1ubuntu2 amd64 GNU Libidn library, implementation of IETF IDN specifications
ii libio-string-perl 1.08-3 all Emulate IO::File interface for in-core strings
ii libisc95 1:9.9.5.dfsg-3ubuntu0 amd64 ISC Shared Library used by BIND
ii libisccc90 1:9.9.5.dfsg-3ubuntu0 amd64 Command Channel Library used by BIND
ii libisccfg90 1:9.9.5.dfsg-3ubuntu0 amd64 Config File Handling Library used by BIND
ii libjson-c2:amd64 0.11-3ubuntu1.2 amd64 JSON manipulation library - shared library
ii libjson0:amd64 0.11-3ubuntu1.2 amd64 JSON manipulation library (transitional package)
ii libk5crypto3:amd64 1.12+dfsg-2ubuntu5.2 amd64 MIT Kerberos runtime libraries - Crypto Library
ii libkeyutils1:amd64 1.5.6-1 amd64 Linux Key Management Utilities (library)
ii libklibc 2.0.3-0ubuntu1 amd64 minimal libc subset for use with initramfs
ii libkmod2:amd64 15-0ubuntu6 amd64 libkmod shared library
ii libkrb5-26-heimdal:amd64 1.6~git20131207+dfsg- amd64 Heimdal Kerberos - libraries
ii libkrb5-3:amd64 1.12+dfsg-2ubuntu5.2 amd64 MIT Kerberos runtime libraries
ii libkrb5support0:amd64 1.12+dfsg-2ubuntu5.2 amd64 MIT Kerberos runtime libraries - Support library
ii libldap-2.4-2:amd64 2.4.31-1+nmu2ubuntu8. amd64 OpenLDAP libraries
ii liblocale-gettext-perl 1.05-7build3 amd64 module using libc functions for internationalization in Perl
ii liblockfile-bin 1.09-6ubuntu1 amd64 support binaries for and cli utilities based on liblockfile
ii liblockfile1:amd64 1.09-6ubuntu1 amd64 NFS-safe locking library
ii liblog-message-simple-perl 0.10-1 all simplified interface to Log::Message
ii liblwres90 1:9.9.5.dfsg-3ubuntu0 amd64 Lightweight Resolver Library used by BIND
ii liblzma5:amd64 5.1.1alpha+20120614-2 amd64 XZ-format compression library
ii libmagic1:amd64 1:5.14-2ubuntu3.3 amd64 File type determination library using "magic" numbers
ii libmodule-pluggable-perl 5.1-1 all module for giving modules the ability to have plugins
ii libmount1:amd64 2.20.1-5.1ubuntu20.7 amd64 block device id library
ii libmpdec2:amd64 2.4.0-6 amd64 library for decimal floating point arithmetic (runtime library)
ii libncurses5:amd64 5.9+20140118-1ubuntu1 amd64 shared libraries for terminal handling
ii libncursesw5:amd64 5.9+20140118-1ubuntu1 amd64 shared libraries for terminal handling (wide character support)
ii libnewt0.52:amd64 0.52.15-2ubuntu5 amd64 Not Erik's Windowing Toolkit - text mode windowing with slang
ii libnfnetlink0:amd64 1.0.1-2 amd64 Netfilter netlink library
ii libnih-dbus1:amd64 1.0.3-4ubuntu25 amd64 NIH D-Bus Bindings Library
ii libnih1:amd64 1.0.3-4ubuntu25 amd64 NIH Utility Library
ii libnuma1:amd64 2.0.9~rc5-1ubuntu3.14 amd64 Libraries for controlling NUMA policy
ii libp11-kit0:amd64 0.20.2-2ubuntu2 amd64 Library for loading and coordinating access to PKCS#11 modules - runtim
ii libpam-cap:amd64 1:2.24-0ubuntu2 amd64 PAM module for implementing capabilities
ii libpam-modules:amd64 1.1.8-1ubuntu2.2 amd64 Pluggable Authentication Modules for PAM
ii libpam-modules-bin 1.1.8-1ubuntu2.2 amd64 Pluggable Authentication Modules for PAM - helper binaries
ii libpam-runtime 1.1.8-1ubuntu2.2 all Runtime support for the PAM library
ii libpam-systemd:amd64 204-5ubuntu20.18 amd64 system and service manager - PAM module
ii libpam0g:amd64 1.1.8-1ubuntu2.2 amd64 Pluggable Authentication Modules library
ii libparse-debianchangelog-perl 1.2.0-1ubuntu1 all parse Debian changelogs and output them in other formats
ii libparted0debian1:amd64 2.3-19ubuntu1.14.04.1 amd64 disk partition manipulator - shared library
ii libpcap0.8:amd64 1.5.3-2 amd64 system interface for user-level packet capture
ii libpci3:amd64 1:3.2.1-1ubuntu5.1 amd64 Linux PCI Utilities (shared library)
ii libpcre3:amd64 1:8.31-2ubuntu2.1 amd64 Perl 5 Compatible Regular Expression Library - runtime files
ii libpipeline1:amd64 1.3.0-1 amd64 pipeline manipulation library
ii libplymouth2:amd64 0.8.8-0ubuntu17.1 amd64 graphical boot animation and logger - shared libraries
ii libpng12-0:amd64 1.2.50-1ubuntu2.14.04 amd64 PNG library - runtime
ii libpod-latex-perl 0.61-1 all module to convert Pod data to formatted LaTeX
ii libpolkit-agent-1-0:amd64 0.105-4ubuntu3.14.04. amd64 PolicyKit Authentication Agent API
ii libpolkit-backend-1-0:amd64 0.105-4ubuntu3.14.04. amd64 PolicyKit backend API
ii libpolkit-gobject-1-0:amd64 0.105-4ubuntu3.14.04. amd64 PolicyKit Authorization API
ii libpopt0:amd64 1.16-8ubuntu1 amd64 lib for parsing cmdline parameters
ii libprocps3:amd64 1:3.3.9-1ubuntu2.2 amd64 library for accessing process information from /proc
ii libpython-stdlib:amd64 2.7.5-5ubuntu3 amd64 interactive high-level object-oriented language (default python version
ii libpython2.7:amd64 2.7.6-8ubuntu0.2 amd64 Shared Python runtime library (version 2.7)
ii libpython2.7-minimal:amd64 2.7.6-8ubuntu0.2 amd64 Minimal subset of the Python language (version 2.7)
ii libpython2.7-stdlib:amd64 2.7.6-8ubuntu0.2 amd64 Interactive high-level object-oriented language (standard library, vers
ii libpython3-stdlib:amd64 3.4.0-0ubuntu2 amd64 interactive high-level object-oriented language (default python3 versio
ii libpython3.4-minimal:amd64 3.4.3-1ubuntu1~14.04. amd64 Minimal subset of the Python language (version 3.4)
ii libpython3.4-stdlib:amd64 3.4.3-1ubuntu1~14.04. amd64 Interactive high-level object-oriented language (standard library, vers
ii libreadline6:amd64 6.3-4ubuntu2 amd64 GNU readline and history libraries, run-time libraries
ii libroken18-heimdal:amd64 1.6~git20131207+dfsg- amd64 Heimdal Kerberos - roken support library
ii librtmp0:amd64 2.4+20121230.gitdf6c5 amd64 toolkit for RTMP streams (shared library)
ii libsasl2-2:amd64 2.1.25.dfsg1-17build1 amd64 Cyrus SASL - authentication abstraction library
ii libsasl2-modules:amd64 2.1.25.dfsg1-17build1 amd64 Cyrus SASL - pluggable authentication modules
ii libsasl2-modules-db:amd64 2.1.25.dfsg1-17build1 amd64 Cyrus SASL - pluggable authentication modules (DB)
ii libselinux1:amd64 2.2.2-1ubuntu0.1 amd64 SELinux runtime shared libraries
ii libsemanage-common 2.2-1 all Common files for SELinux policy management libraries
ii libsemanage1:amd64 2.2-1 amd64 SELinux policy management library
ii libsepol1:amd64 2.2-1ubuntu0.1 amd64 SELinux library for manipulating binary security policies
ii libsigc++-2.0-0c2a:amd64 2.2.10-0.2ubuntu2 amd64 type-safe Signal Framework for C++ - runtime
ii libsigsegv2:amd64 2.10-2 amd64 Library for handling page faults in a portable way
ii libslang2:amd64 2.2.4-15ubuntu1 amd64 S-Lang programming library - runtime version
ii libsqlite3-0:amd64 3.8.2-1ubuntu2.1 amd64 SQLite 3 shared library
ii libss2:amd64 1.42.9-3ubuntu1.3 amd64 command-line interface parsing library
ii libssl1.0.0:amd64 1.0.1f-1ubuntu2.18 amd64 Secure Sockets Layer toolkit - shared libraries
ii libstdc++6:amd64 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04. amd64 GNU Standard C++ Library v3
ii libsub-name-perl 0.05-1build4 amd64 module for assigning a new name to referenced sub
ii libsystemd-daemon0:amd64 204-5ubuntu20.18 amd64 systemd utility library
ii libsystemd-login0:amd64 204-5ubuntu20.18 amd64 systemd login utility library
ii libtasn1-6:amd64 3.4-3ubuntu0.3 amd64 Manage ASN.1 structures (runtime)
ii libterm-ui-perl 0.42-1 all Term::ReadLine UI made easy
ii libtext-charwidth-perl 0.04-7build3 amd64 get display widths of characters on the terminal
ii libtext-iconv-perl 1.7-5build2 amd64 converts between character sets in Perl
ii libtext-soundex-perl 3.4-1build1 amd64 implementation of the soundex algorithm
ii libtext-wrapi18n-perl 0.06-7 all internationalized substitute of Text::Wrap
ii libtimedate-perl 2.3000-1 all collection of modules to manipulate date/time information
ii libtinfo5:amd64 5.9+20140118-1ubuntu1 amd64 shared low-level terminfo library for terminal handling
ii libudev1:amd64 204-5ubuntu20.18 amd64 libudev shared library
ii libusb-0.1-4:amd64 2:0.1.12-23.3ubuntu1 amd64 userspace USB programming library
ii libusb-1.0-0:amd64 2:1.0.17-1ubuntu2 amd64 userspace USB programming library
ii libustr-1.0-1:amd64 1.0.4-3ubuntu2 amd64 Micro string library: shared library
ii libuuid1:amd64 2.20.1-5.1ubuntu20.7 amd64 Universally Unique ID library
ii libwind0-heimdal:amd64 1.6~git20131207+dfsg- amd64 Heimdal Kerberos - stringprep implementation
ii libwrap0:amd64 7.6.q-25 amd64 Wietse Venema's TCP wrappers library
ii libx11-6:amd64 2:1.6.2-1ubuntu2 amd64 X11 client-side library
ii libx11-data 2:1.6.2-1ubuntu2 all X11 client-side library
ii libxapian22 1.2.16-2ubuntu1 amd64 Search engine library
ii libxau6:amd64 1:1.0.8-1 amd64 X11 authorisation library
ii libxcb1:amd64 1.10-2ubuntu1 amd64 X C Binding
ii libxdmcp6:amd64 1:1.1.1-1 amd64 X11 Display Manager Control Protocol library
ii libxext6:amd64 2:1.3.2-1ubuntu0.0.14 amd64 X11 miscellaneous extension library
ii libxml2:amd64 2.9.1+dfsg1-3ubuntu4. amd64 GNOME XML library
ii libxmuu1:amd64 2:1.1.1-1 amd64 X11 miscellaneous micro-utility library
ii libxtables10 1.4.21-1ubuntu1 amd64 netfilter xtables library
ii libyaml-0-2:amd64 0.1.4-3ubuntu3.1 amd64 Fast YAML 1.1 parser and emitter library
ii locales 2.13+git20120306-12.1 all common files for locale support
ii lockfile-progs 0.1.17 amd64 Programs for locking and unlocking files and mailboxes
ii login 1:4.1.5.1-1ubuntu9.2 amd64 system login tools
ii logrotate 3.8.7-1ubuntu1 amd64 Log rotation utility
ii lsb-base 4.1+Debian11ubuntu6 all Linux Standard Base 4.1 init script functionality
ii lsb-release 4.1+Debian11ubuntu6 all Linux Standard Base version reporting utility
ii lshw 02.16-2ubuntu1.3 amd64 information about hardware configuration
ii lsof 4.86+dfsg-1ubuntu2 amd64 Utility to list open files
ii ltrace 0.7.3-4ubuntu5.1 amd64 Tracks runtime library calls in dynamically linked programs
ii makedev 2.3.1-93ubuntu1 all creates device files in /dev
ii man-db 2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1 amd64 on-line manual pager
ii manpages 3.54-1ubuntu1 all Manual pages about using a GNU/Linux system
ii mawk 1.3.3-17ubuntu2 amd64 a pattern scanning and text processing language
ii mime-support 3.54ubuntu1.1 all MIME files 'mime.types' & 'mailcap', and support programs
ii mlocate 0.26-1ubuntu1 amd64 quickly find files on the filesystem based on their name
ii module-init-tools 15-0ubuntu6 all transitional dummy package (module-init-tools to kmod)
ii mount 2.20.1-5.1ubuntu20.7 amd64 Tools for mounting and manipulating filesystems
ii mountall 2.53 amd64 filesystem mounting tool
ii mtr-tiny 0.85-2 amd64 Full screen ncurses traceroute tool
ii multiarch-support 2.19-0ubuntu6.7 amd64 Transitional package to ensure multiarch compatibility
ii nano 2.2.6-1ubuntu1 amd64 small, friendly text editor inspired by Pico
ii ncurses-base 5.9+20140118-1ubuntu1 all basic terminal type definitions
ii ncurses-bin 5.9+20140118-1ubuntu1 amd64 terminal-related programs and man pages
ii ncurses-term 5.9+20140118-1ubuntu1 all additional terminal type definitions
ii net-tools 1.60-25ubuntu2.1 amd64 The NET-3 networking toolkit
ii netbase 5.2 all Basic TCP/IP networking system
ii netcat-openbsd 1.105-7ubuntu1 amd64 TCP/IP swiss army knife
ii ntfs-3g 1:2013.1.13AR.1-2ubun amd64 read/write NTFS driver for FUSE
ii ntpdate 1:4.2.6.p5+dfsg-3ubun amd64 client for setting system time from NTP servers
ii open-vm-tools 2:9.4.0-1280544-5ubun amd64 Open VMware Tools for virtual machines hosted on VMware (CLI)
ii openssh-client 1:6.6p1-2ubuntu2.6 amd64 secure shell (SSH) client, for secure access to remote machines
ii openssh-server 1:6.6p1-2ubuntu2.6 amd64 secure shell (SSH) server, for secure access from remote machines
ii openssh-sftp-server 1:6.6p1-2ubuntu2.6 amd64 secure shell (SSH) sftp server module, for SFTP access from remote mach
ii openssl 1.0.1f-1ubuntu2.18 amd64 Secure Sockets Layer toolkit - cryptographic utility
ii os-prober 1.63ubuntu1.1 amd64 utility to detect other OSes on a set of drives
ii overlayroot 0.25ubuntu1.14.04.1 all use an overlayfs on top of a read-only root filesystem
ii parted 2.3-19ubuntu1.14.04.1 amd64 disk partition manipulator
ii passwd 1:4.1.5.1-1ubuntu9.2 amd64 change and administer password and group data
ii patch 2.7.1-4ubuntu2.3 amd64 Apply a diff file to an original
ii pciutils 1:3.2.1-1ubuntu5.1 amd64 Linux PCI Utilities
ii perl 5.18.2-2ubuntu1.1 amd64 Larry Wall's Practical Extraction and Report Language
ii perl-base 5.18.2-2ubuntu1.1 amd64 minimal Perl system
ii perl-modules 5.18.2-2ubuntu1.1 all Core Perl modules
ii plymouth 0.8.8-0ubuntu17.1 amd64 graphical boot animation and logger - main package
ii plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text 0.8.8-0ubuntu17.1 amd64 graphical boot animation and logger - ubuntu-logo theme
ii policykit-1 0.105-4ubuntu3.14.04. amd64 framework for managing administrative policies and privileges
ii pollinate 4.7-0ubuntu1.4 all seed the pseudo random number generator in virtual machines
ii popularity-contest 1.57ubuntu1 all Vote for your favourite packages automatically
ii powermgmt-base 1.31build1 amd64 Common utils and configs for power management
ii ppp 2.4.5-5.1ubuntu2.2 amd64 Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) - daemon
ii pppconfig 2.3.19ubuntu1 all A text menu based utility for configuring ppp
ii pppoeconf 1.20ubuntu1 all configures PPPoE/ADSL connections
ii procps 1:3.3.9-1ubuntu2.2 amd64 /proc file system utilities
ii psmisc 22.20-1ubuntu2 amd64 utilities that use the proc file system
ii python 2.7.5-5ubuntu3 amd64 interactive high-level object-oriented language (default version)
ii python-apt 0.9.3.5ubuntu2 amd64 Python interface to libapt-pkg
ii python-apt-common 0.9.3.5ubuntu2 all Python interface to libapt-pkg (locales)
ii python-chardet 2.0.1-2build2 all universal character encoding detector
ii python-cheetah 2.4.4-3.fakesyncbuild amd64 text-based template engine and Python code generator
ii python-configobj 4.7.2+ds-5build1 all simple but powerful config file reader and writer for Python
ii python-debian 0.1.21+nmu2ubuntu2 all Python modules to work with Debian-related data formats
ii python-gdbm 2.7.5-1ubuntu1 amd64 GNU dbm database support for Python
ii python-json-pointer 1.0-2build1 all resolve JSON pointers - python 2.x
ii python-jsonpatch 1.3-4 all library to apply JSON patches - python 2.x
ii python-minimal 2.7.5-5ubuntu3 amd64 minimal subset of the Python language (default version)
ii python-oauth 1.0.1-3build2 all Python library implementing of the OAuth protocol
ii python-openssl 0.13-2ubuntu6 amd64 Python 2 wrapper around the OpenSSL library
ii python-pam 0.4.2-13.1ubuntu3 amd64 Python interface to the PAM library
ii python-pkg-resources 3.3-1ubuntu2 all Package Discovery and Resource Access using pkg_resources
ii python-prettytable 0.7.2-2ubuntu2 all library to represent tabular data in visually appealing ASCII tables
ii python-pycurl 7.19.3-0ubuntu3 amd64 Python bindings to libcurl
ii python-requests 2.2.1-1ubuntu0.3 all elegant and simple HTTP library for Python, built for human beings
ii python-serial 2.6-1build1 all pyserial - module encapsulating access for the serial port
ii python-six 1.5.2-1ubuntu1 all Python 2 and 3 compatibility library (Python 2 interface)
ii python-twisted-bin 13.2.0-1ubuntu1 amd64 Event-based framework for internet applications
ii python-twisted-core 13.2.0-1ubuntu1 all Event-based framework for internet applications
ii python-twisted-names 13.2.0-1ubuntu1 all DNS protocol implementation with client and server
ii python-twisted-web 13.2.0-1ubuntu1 all HTTP protocol implementation together with clients and servers
ii python-urllib3 1.7.1-1ubuntu4 all HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling for Python
ii python-xapian 1.2.16-2ubuntu1 amd64 Xapian search engine interface for Python
ii python-yaml 3.10-4ubuntu0.1 amd64 YAML parser and emitter for Python
ii python-zope.interface 4.0.5-1ubuntu4 amd64 Interfaces for Python
ii python2.7 2.7.6-8ubuntu0.2 amd64 Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 2.7)
ii python2.7-minimal 2.7.6-8ubuntu0.2 amd64 Minimal subset of the Python language (version 2.7)
ii python3 3.4.0-0ubuntu2 amd64 interactive high-level object-oriented language (default python3 versio
ii python3-apport 2.14.1-0ubuntu3.19 all Python 3 library for Apport crash report handling
ii python3-apt 0.9.3.5ubuntu2 amd64 Python 3 interface to libapt-pkg
ii python3-commandnotfound 0.3ubuntu12 all Python 3 bindings for command-not-found.
ii python3-dbus 1.2.0-2build2 amd64 simple interprocess messaging system (Python 3 interface)
ii python3-distupgrade 1:0.220.8 all manage release upgrades
ii python3-gdbm:amd64 3.4.3-1~14.04.2 amd64 GNU dbm database support for Python 3.x
ii python3-gi 3.12.0-1ubuntu1 amd64 Python 3 bindings for gobject-introspection libraries
ii python3-minimal 3.4.0-0ubuntu2 amd64 minimal subset of the Python language (default python3 version)
ii python3-newt 0.52.15-2ubuntu5 amd64 NEWT module for Python3
ii python3-problem-report 2.14.1-0ubuntu3.19 all Python 3 library to handle problem reports
ii python3-pycurl 7.19.3-0ubuntu3 amd64 Python 3 bindings to libcurl
ii python3-software-properties 0.92.37.7 all manage the repositories that you install software from
ii python3-update-manager 1:0.196.14 all python 3.x module for update-manager
ii python3.4 3.4.3-1ubuntu1~14.04. amd64 Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 3.4)
ii python3.4-minimal 3.4.3-1ubuntu1~14.04. amd64 Minimal subset of the Python language (version 3.4)
ii readline-common 6.3-4ubuntu2 all GNU readline and history libraries, common files
ii resolvconf 1.69ubuntu1.1 all name server information handler
ii rsync 3.1.0-2ubuntu0.2 amd64 fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool
ii rsyslog 7.4.4-1ubuntu2.6 amd64 reliable system and kernel logging daemon
ii run-one 1.17-0ubuntu1 all run just one instance of a command and its args at a time
ii screen 4.1.0~20120320gitdb59 amd64 terminal multiplexer with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation
ii sed 4.2.2-4ubuntu1 amd64 The GNU sed stream editor
ii sensible-utils 0.0.9 all Utilities for sensible alternative selection
ii sgml-base 1.26+nmu4ubuntu1 all SGML infrastructure and SGML catalog file support
ii shared-mime-info 1.2-0ubuntu3 amd64 FreeDesktop.org shared MIME database and spec
ii software-properties-common 0.92.37.7 all manage the repositories that you install software from (common)
ii ssh-import-id 3.21-0ubuntu1 all securely retrieve an SSH public key and install it locally
ii strace 4.8-1ubuntu5 amd64 A system call tracer
ii sudo 1.8.9p5-1ubuntu1.2 amd64 Provide limited super user privileges to specific users
ii systemd-services 204-5ubuntu20.18 amd64 systemd runtime services
ii systemd-shim 6-2bzr1 amd64 shim for systemd
ii sysv-rc 2.88dsf-41ubuntu6.3 all System-V-like runlevel change mechanism
ii sysvinit-utils 2.88dsf-41ubuntu6.3 amd64 System-V-like utilities
ii tar 1.27.1-1 amd64 GNU version of the tar archiving utility
ii tasksel 2.88ubuntu15 all Tool for selecting tasks for installation on Debian systems
ii tasksel-data 2.88ubuntu15 all Official tasks used for installation of Debian systems
ii tcpd 7.6.q-25 amd64 Wietse Venema's TCP wrapper utilities
ii tcpdump 4.5.1-2ubuntu1.2 amd64 command-line network traffic analyzer
ii telnet 0.17-36build2 amd64 The telnet client
ii time 1.7-24 amd64 GNU time program for measuring CPU resource usage
ii tmux 1.8-5 amd64 terminal multiplexer
ii tzdata 2016b-0ubuntu0.14.04 all time zone and daylight-saving time data
ii ubuntu-keyring 2012.05.19 all GnuPG keys of the Ubuntu archive
ii ubuntu-minimal 1.325 amd64 Minimal core of Ubuntu
ii ubuntu-release-upgrader-core 1:0.220.8 all manage release upgrades
ii ubuntu-standard 1.325 amd64 The Ubuntu standard system
ii ucf 3.0027+nmu1 all Update Configuration File(s): preserve user changes to config files
ii udev 204-5ubuntu20.18 amd64 /dev/ and hotplug management daemon
ii ufw 0.34~rc-0ubuntu2 all program for managing a Netfilter firewall
ii unattended-upgrades 0.82.1ubuntu2.4 all automatic installation of security upgrades
ii update-manager-core 1:0.196.14 all manage release upgrades
ii update-notifier-common 0.154.1ubuntu1 all Files shared between update-notifier and other packages
ii upstart 1.12.1-0ubuntu4.2 amd64 event-based init daemon
ii ureadahead 0.100.0-16 amd64 Read required files in advance
ii usbutils 1:007-2ubuntu1.1 amd64 Linux USB utilities
ii util-linux 2.20.1-5.1ubuntu20.7 amd64 Miscellaneous system utilities
ii uuid-runtime 2.20.1-5.1ubuntu20.7 amd64 runtime components for the Universally Unique ID library
ii vim 2:7.4.052-1ubuntu3 amd64 Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor
ii vim-common 2:7.4.052-1ubuntu3 amd64 Vi IMproved - Common files
ii vim-runtime 2:7.4.052-1ubuntu3 all Vi IMproved - Runtime files
ii vim-tiny 2:7.4.052-1ubuntu3 amd64 Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor - compact version
ii w3m 0.5.3-15 amd64 WWW browsable pager with excellent tables/frames support
ii wget 1.15-1ubuntu1.14.04.1 amd64 retrieves files from the web
ii whiptail 0.52.15-2ubuntu5 amd64 Displays user-friendly dialog boxes from shell scripts
ii xauth 1:1.0.7-1ubuntu1 amd64 X authentication utility
ii xkb-data 2.10.1-1ubuntu1 all X Keyboard Extension (XKB) configuration data
ii xml-core 0.13+nmu2 all XML infrastructure and XML catalog file support
ii xz-utils 5.1.1alpha+20120614-2 amd64 XZ-format compression utilities
ii zerofree 1.0.2-1ubuntu1 amd64 zero free blocks from ext2, ext3 and ext4 file-systems
ii zlib1g:amd64 1:1.2.8.dfsg-1ubuntu1 amd64 compression library - runtime