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@koshilife(Kenji Koshikawa)

MongoDB v4 explain 結果をちゃんと理解してクエリ改善 (後半:クエリ改善)

Last updated at Posted at 2019-04-30

@koshi_life です。

MongoDB v4 explain 結果をちゃんと理解してクエリ改善 (前半:explain結果の見方) の続きです。

今回の記事内容

本記事では、396,416件をフルスキャンしていた以下クエリ(平均実行時間 851.6ms)の速度改善を行います。前提条件やテストデータについては 前回記事を参考。

対象のクエリ

ありがちな1ユーザの最新投稿３件を取得するクエリを改善対象とします。

.js

mongo> db.qiita_items.find({'user_id':'koshilife'},{'_id':0,'created_at':1,'title':1,'url':1}).sort({'created_at':-1}).limit(3)
{ "title" : "MongoDB Aggregation 100本ノック 前半 (group, sort, limit, project)", "url" : "https://qiita.com/koshilife/items/422070ee6aa636fb75fc", "created_at" : ISODate("2019-04-15T11:52:57Z") }
{ "title" : "Mongoid 特定Collectionにのみインデックスを作る", "url" : "https://qiita.com/koshilife/items/140b5a66d5fa6d1e7ee1", "created_at" : ISODate("2019-04-14T15:06:26Z") }
{ "title" : "Google Sheets API v4「1セル 50000文字までの制限あるよ」", "url" : "https://qiita.com/koshilife/items/5aff56c1bb9e5d31067f", "created_at" : ISODate("2019-04-08T01:31:04Z") }


# TL;DR

- 走査レコードが少ないほど実行時間が短くなる。(傾向あり)
- 複合フィールドの定義順は大事。走査レコード数が変わるので。[^1]
- 検証したデータ量では複合フィールドのソート順(昇順、降順)は実行速度に寄与しなかった。[^2]

[^1]: 複合フィールドの定義順は大事と公式にも記載あり。[Doc](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/indexes/#compound-index)
[^2]: ソート順 単一フィールドは関係ないが複合フィールドのインデックスは関係あるらしい[Doc](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/index-compound/#index-ascending-and-descending)

Btreeを頭に思い浮かべてIndexを貼る感じで上手に貼れるようになる気がしている。
以下記事が参考になった。

- [MongoDBのインデックス](https://christina04.hatenablog.com/entry/2015/03/03/125643)
- [B-treeインデックス入門](https://qiita.com/kiyodori/items/f66a545a47dc59dd8839)


## インデックス検証パターン

- v1: user_idのみ単一インデックス `{user_id: 1}`
- v2: user_id/created_at(降順)の複合インデックス `{user_id: 1, created_at: -1}`
- v3: user_id/created_at(昇順)の複合インデックス `{user_id: 1, created_at: 1}`
- v4: created_at(降順)/user_idの複合インデックス `{created_at: -1, user_id: 1}`
- v5: 複数インデックスが存在 v1~v4 全て登録済み

## 検証結果

|検証パターン|走査レコード<br>totalDocsExamined|実行時間(平均)|時間(1)|時間(2)|時間(3)|時間(4)|時間(5)|インデックスサイズ|備考|
|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|
|v1|45|2.2|2|3|5|0|1|2.67 MB||
|v2|3|0.6|2|0|0|1|0|5.45 MB|v2,v3,v5誤差かと|
|v3|3|0.2|1|0|0|0|0|5.45 MB|v2,v3,v5誤差かと|
|v4|4,806|38.8|52|53|20|46|23|8.74 MB||
|v5|3|0.4|0|0|0|1|1|-|v2のIndexが採択された|
|インデックスなし|396,416|851.6|951|636|914|893|864|-||

※時間の単位はms

## 参考:各インデックス作成文

```.js
// v1
mongo> db.qiita_items.createIndex({user_id: 1}, {unique: false})
// v2
mongo> db.qiita_items.createIndex({user_id: 1, created_at: -1 }, {unique: false})
// v3
mongo> db.qiita_items.createIndex({user_id: 1, created_at: 1}, {unique: false})
// v4
mongo> db.qiita_items.createIndex({created_at: -1, user_id: 1}, {unique: false})

参考:explain結果

v1 {user_id: 1}

.js
mongo> db.qiita_items.find({'user_id':'koshilife'},{'_id':0,'created_at':1,'title':1,'url':1}).sort({'created_at':-1}).limit(3).explain('executionStats')
{
	"queryPlanner" : {
		"plannerVersion" : 1,
		"namespace" : "qiita_api_development.qiita_items",
		"indexFilterSet" : false,
		"parsedQuery" : {
			"user_id" : {
				"$eq" : "koshilife"
			}
		},
		"winningPlan" : {
			"stage" : "PROJECTION",
			"transformBy" : {
				"_id" : 0,
				"created_at" : 1,
				"title" : 1,
				"url" : 1
			},
			"inputStage" : {
				"stage" : "SORT",
				"sortPattern" : {
					"created_at" : -1
				},
				"limitAmount" : 3,
				"inputStage" : {
					"stage" : "SORT_KEY_GENERATOR",
					"inputStage" : {
						"stage" : "FETCH",
						"inputStage" : {
							"stage" : "IXSCAN",
							"keyPattern" : {
								"user_id" : 1
							},
							"indexName" : "user_id_1",
							"isMultiKey" : false,
							"multiKeyPaths" : {
								"user_id" : [ ]
							},
							"isUnique" : false,
							"isSparse" : false,
							"isPartial" : false,
							"indexVersion" : 2,
							"direction" : "forward",
							"indexBounds" : {
								"user_id" : [
									"[\"koshilife\", \"koshilife\"]"
								]
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
		},
		"rejectedPlans" : [ ]
	},
	"executionStats" : {
		"executionSuccess" : true,
		"nReturned" : 3,
		"executionTimeMillis" : 26,
		"totalKeysExamined" : 45,
		"totalDocsExamined" : 45,
		"executionStages" : {
			"stage" : "PROJECTION",
			"nReturned" : 3,
			"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0,
			"works" : 51,
			"advanced" : 3,
			"needTime" : 47,
			"needYield" : 0,
			"saveState" : 0,
			"restoreState" : 0,
			"isEOF" : 1,
			"invalidates" : 0,
			"transformBy" : {
				"_id" : 0,
				"created_at" : 1,
				"title" : 1,
				"url" : 1
			},
			"inputStage" : {
				"stage" : "SORT",
				"nReturned" : 3,
				"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0,
				"works" : 51,
				"advanced" : 3,
				"needTime" : 47,
				"needYield" : 0,
				"saveState" : 0,
				"restoreState" : 0,
				"isEOF" : 1,
				"invalidates" : 0,
				"sortPattern" : {
					"created_at" : -1
				},
				"memUsage" : 1041,
				"memLimit" : 33554432,
				"limitAmount" : 3,
				"inputStage" : {
					"stage" : "SORT_KEY_GENERATOR",
					"nReturned" : 45,
					"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0,
					"works" : 47,
					"advanced" : 45,
					"needTime" : 1,
					"needYield" : 0,
					"saveState" : 0,
					"restoreState" : 0,
					"isEOF" : 1,
					"invalidates" : 0,
					"inputStage" : {
						"stage" : "FETCH",
						"nReturned" : 45,
						"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0,
						"works" : 46,
						"advanced" : 45,
						"needTime" : 0,
						"needYield" : 0,
						"saveState" : 0,
						"restoreState" : 0,
						"isEOF" : 1,
						"invalidates" : 0,
						"docsExamined" : 45,
						"alreadyHasObj" : 0,
						"inputStage" : {
							"stage" : "IXSCAN",
							"nReturned" : 45,
							"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0,
							"works" : 46,
							"advanced" : 45,
							"needTime" : 0,
							"needYield" : 0,
							"saveState" : 0,
							"restoreState" : 0,
							"isEOF" : 1,
							"invalidates" : 0,
							"keyPattern" : {
								"user_id" : 1
							},
							"indexName" : "user_id_1",
							"isMultiKey" : false,
							"multiKeyPaths" : {
								"user_id" : [ ]
							},
							"isUnique" : false,
							"isSparse" : false,
							"isPartial" : false,
							"indexVersion" : 2,
							"direction" : "forward",
							"indexBounds" : {
								"user_id" : [
									"[\"koshilife\", \"koshilife\"]"
								]
							},
							"keysExamined" : 45,
							"seeks" : 1,
							"dupsTested" : 0,
							"dupsDropped" : 0,
							"seenInvalidated" : 0
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
	},
	"serverInfo" : {
		"host" : "KenjinoMacBook-Air.local",
		"port" : 27017,
		"version" : "4.0.3",
		"gitVersion" : "7ea530946fa7880364d88c8d8b6026bbc9ffa48c"
	},
	"ok" : 1
}

v2 {user_id: 1, created_at: -1}

.js
mongo> db.qiita_items.find({'user_id':'koshilife'},{'_id':0,'created_at':1,'title':1,'url':1}).sort({'created_at':-1}).limit(3).explain('executionStats')
{
	"queryPlanner" : {
		"plannerVersion" : 1,
		"namespace" : "qiita_api_development.qiita_items",
		"indexFilterSet" : false,
		"parsedQuery" : {
			"user_id" : {
				"$eq" : "koshilife"
			}
		},
		"winningPlan" : {
			"stage" : "LIMIT",
			"limitAmount" : 3,
			"inputStage" : {
				"stage" : "PROJECTION",
				"transformBy" : {
					"_id" : 0,
					"created_at" : 1,
					"title" : 1,
					"url" : 1
				},
				"inputStage" : {
					"stage" : "FETCH",
					"inputStage" : {
						"stage" : "IXSCAN",
						"keyPattern" : {
							"user_id" : 1,
							"created_at" : -1
						},
						"indexName" : "user_id_1_created_at_-1",
						"isMultiKey" : false,
						"multiKeyPaths" : {
							"user_id" : [ ],
							"created_at" : [ ]
						},
						"isUnique" : false,
						"isSparse" : false,
						"isPartial" : false,
						"indexVersion" : 2,
						"direction" : "forward",
						"indexBounds" : {
							"user_id" : [
								"[\"koshilife\", \"koshilife\"]"
							],
							"created_at" : [
								"[MaxKey, MinKey]"
							]
						}
					}
				}
			}
		},
		"rejectedPlans" : [ ]
	},
	"executionStats" : {
		"executionSuccess" : true,
		"nReturned" : 3,
		"executionTimeMillis" : 1,
		"totalKeysExamined" : 3,
		"totalDocsExamined" : 3,
		"executionStages" : {
			"stage" : "LIMIT",
			"nReturned" : 3,
			"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0,
			"works" : 4,
			"advanced" : 3,
			"needTime" : 0,
			"needYield" : 0,
			"saveState" : 0,
			"restoreState" : 0,
			"isEOF" : 1,
			"invalidates" : 0,
			"limitAmount" : 3,
			"inputStage" : {
				"stage" : "PROJECTION",
				"nReturned" : 3,
				"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0,
				"works" : 3,
				"advanced" : 3,
				"needTime" : 0,
				"needYield" : 0,
				"saveState" : 0,
				"restoreState" : 0,
				"isEOF" : 0,
				"invalidates" : 0,
				"transformBy" : {
					"_id" : 0,
					"created_at" : 1,
					"title" : 1,
					"url" : 1
				},
				"inputStage" : {
					"stage" : "FETCH",
					"nReturned" : 3,
					"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0,
					"works" : 3,
					"advanced" : 3,
					"needTime" : 0,
					"needYield" : 0,
					"saveState" : 0,
					"restoreState" : 0,
					"isEOF" : 0,
					"invalidates" : 0,
					"docsExamined" : 3,
					"alreadyHasObj" : 0,
					"inputStage" : {
						"stage" : "IXSCAN",
						"nReturned" : 3,
						"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0,
						"works" : 3,
						"advanced" : 3,
						"needTime" : 0,
						"needYield" : 0,
						"saveState" : 0,
						"restoreState" : 0,
						"isEOF" : 0,
						"invalidates" : 0,
						"keyPattern" : {
							"user_id" : 1,
							"created_at" : -1
						},
						"indexName" : "user_id_1_created_at_-1",
						"isMultiKey" : false,
						"multiKeyPaths" : {
							"user_id" : [ ],
							"created_at" : [ ]
						},
						"isUnique" : false,
						"isSparse" : false,
						"isPartial" : false,
						"indexVersion" : 2,
						"direction" : "forward",
						"indexBounds" : {
							"user_id" : [
								"[\"koshilife\", \"koshilife\"]"
							],
							"created_at" : [
								"[MaxKey, MinKey]"
							]
						},
						"keysExamined" : 3,
						"seeks" : 1,
						"dupsTested" : 0,
						"dupsDropped" : 0,
						"seenInvalidated" : 0
					}
				}
			}
		}
	},
	"serverInfo" : {
		"host" : "KenjinoMacBook-Air.local",
		"port" : 27017,
		"version" : "4.0.3",
		"gitVersion" : "7ea530946fa7880364d88c8d8b6026bbc9ffa48c"
	},
	"ok" : 1
}

v3 {user_id: 1, created_at: 1}

.js
mongo> db.qiita_items.find({'user_id':'koshilife'},{'_id':0,'created_at':1,'title':1,'url':1}).sort({'created_at':-1}).limit(3).explain('executionStats')
{
	"queryPlanner" : {
		"plannerVersion" : 1,
		"namespace" : "qiita_api_development.qiita_items",
		"indexFilterSet" : false,
		"parsedQuery" : {
			"user_id" : {
				"$eq" : "koshilife"
			}
		},
		"winningPlan" : {
			"stage" : "LIMIT",
			"limitAmount" : 3,
			"inputStage" : {
				"stage" : "PROJECTION",
				"transformBy" : {
					"_id" : 0,
					"created_at" : 1,
					"title" : 1,
					"url" : 1
				},
				"inputStage" : {
					"stage" : "FETCH",
					"inputStage" : {
						"stage" : "IXSCAN",
						"keyPattern" : {
							"user_id" : 1,
							"created_at" : 1
						},
						"indexName" : "user_id_1_created_at_1",
						"isMultiKey" : false,
						"multiKeyPaths" : {
							"user_id" : [ ],
							"created_at" : [ ]
						},
						"isUnique" : false,
						"isSparse" : false,
						"isPartial" : false,
						"indexVersion" : 2,
						"direction" : "backward",
						"indexBounds" : {
							"user_id" : [
								"[\"koshilife\", \"koshilife\"]"
							],
							"created_at" : [
								"[MaxKey, MinKey]"
							]
						}
					}
				}
			}
		},
		"rejectedPlans" : [ ]
	},
	"executionStats" : {
		"executionSuccess" : true,
		"nReturned" : 3,
		"executionTimeMillis" : 1,
		"totalKeysExamined" : 3,
		"totalDocsExamined" : 3,
		"executionStages" : {
			"stage" : "LIMIT",
			"nReturned" : 3,
			"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0,
			"works" : 4,
			"advanced" : 3,
			"needTime" : 0,
			"needYield" : 0,
			"saveState" : 0,
			"restoreState" : 0,
			"isEOF" : 1,
			"invalidates" : 0,
			"limitAmount" : 3,
			"inputStage" : {
				"stage" : "PROJECTION",
				"nReturned" : 3,
				"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0,
				"works" : 3,
				"advanced" : 3,
				"needTime" : 0,
				"needYield" : 0,
				"saveState" : 0,
				"restoreState" : 0,
				"isEOF" : 0,
				"invalidates" : 0,
				"transformBy" : {
					"_id" : 0,
					"created_at" : 1,
					"title" : 1,
					"url" : 1
				},
				"inputStage" : {
					"stage" : "FETCH",
					"nReturned" : 3,
					"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0,
					"works" : 3,
					"advanced" : 3,
					"needTime" : 0,
					"needYield" : 0,
					"saveState" : 0,
					"restoreState" : 0,
					"isEOF" : 0,
					"invalidates" : 0,
					"docsExamined" : 3,
					"alreadyHasObj" : 0,
					"inputStage" : {
						"stage" : "IXSCAN",
						"nReturned" : 3,
						"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0,
						"works" : 3,
						"advanced" : 3,
						"needTime" : 0,
						"needYield" : 0,
						"saveState" : 0,
						"restoreState" : 0,
						"isEOF" : 0,
						"invalidates" : 0,
						"keyPattern" : {
							"user_id" : 1,
							"created_at" : 1
						},
						"indexName" : "user_id_1_created_at_1",
						"isMultiKey" : false,
						"multiKeyPaths" : {
							"user_id" : [ ],
							"created_at" : [ ]
						},
						"isUnique" : false,
						"isSparse" : false,
						"isPartial" : false,
						"indexVersion" : 2,
						"direction" : "backward",
						"indexBounds" : {
							"user_id" : [
								"[\"koshilife\", \"koshilife\"]"
							],
							"created_at" : [
								"[MaxKey, MinKey]"
							]
						},
						"keysExamined" : 3,
						"seeks" : 1,
						"dupsTested" : 0,
						"dupsDropped" : 0,
						"seenInvalidated" : 0
					}
				}
			}
		}
	},
	"serverInfo" : {
		"host" : "KenjinoMacBook-Air.local",
		"port" : 27017,
		"version" : "4.0.3",
		"gitVersion" : "7ea530946fa7880364d88c8d8b6026bbc9ffa48c"
	},
	"ok" : 1
}

v4 {created_at: -1, user_id: 1}

.js
mongo> db.qiita_items.find({'user_id':'koshilife'},{'_id':0,'created_at':1,'title':1,'url':1}).sort({'created_at':-1}).limit(3).explain('executionStats')
{
	"queryPlanner" : {
		"plannerVersion" : 1,
		"namespace" : "qiita_api_development.qiita_items",
		"indexFilterSet" : false,
		"parsedQuery" : {
			"user_id" : {
				"$eq" : "koshilife"
			}
		},
		"winningPlan" : {
			"stage" : "LIMIT",
			"limitAmount" : 3,
			"inputStage" : {
				"stage" : "PROJECTION",
				"transformBy" : {
					"_id" : 0,
					"created_at" : 1,
					"title" : 1,
					"url" : 1
				},
				"inputStage" : {
					"stage" : "FETCH",
					"filter" : {
						"user_id" : {
							"$eq" : "koshilife"
						}
					},
					"inputStage" : {
						"stage" : "IXSCAN",
						"keyPattern" : {
							"created_at" : -1,
							"user_id" : 1
						},
						"indexName" : "created_at_-1_user_id_1",
						"isMultiKey" : false,
						"multiKeyPaths" : {
							"created_at" : [ ],
							"user_id" : [ ]
						},
						"isUnique" : false,
						"isSparse" : false,
						"isPartial" : false,
						"indexVersion" : 2,
						"direction" : "forward",
						"indexBounds" : {
							"created_at" : [
								"[MaxKey, MinKey]"
							],
							"user_id" : [
								"[MinKey, MaxKey]"
							]
						}
					}
				}
			}
		},
		"rejectedPlans" : [ ]
	},
	"executionStats" : {
		"executionSuccess" : true,
		"nReturned" : 3,
		"executionTimeMillis" : 21,
		"totalKeysExamined" : 4806,
		"totalDocsExamined" : 4806,
		"executionStages" : {
			"stage" : "LIMIT",
			"nReturned" : 3,
			"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 10,
			"works" : 4807,
			"advanced" : 3,
			"needTime" : 4803,
			"needYield" : 0,
			"saveState" : 37,
			"restoreState" : 37,
			"isEOF" : 1,
			"invalidates" : 0,
			"limitAmount" : 3,
			"inputStage" : {
				"stage" : "PROJECTION",
				"nReturned" : 3,
				"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 10,
				"works" : 4806,
				"advanced" : 3,
				"needTime" : 4803,
				"needYield" : 0,
				"saveState" : 37,
				"restoreState" : 37,
				"isEOF" : 0,
				"invalidates" : 0,
				"transformBy" : {
					"_id" : 0,
					"created_at" : 1,
					"title" : 1,
					"url" : 1
				},
				"inputStage" : {
					"stage" : "FETCH",
					"filter" : {
						"user_id" : {
							"$eq" : "koshilife"
						}
					},
					"nReturned" : 3,
					"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 10,
					"works" : 4806,
					"advanced" : 3,
					"needTime" : 4803,
					"needYield" : 0,
					"saveState" : 37,
					"restoreState" : 37,
					"isEOF" : 0,
					"invalidates" : 0,
					"docsExamined" : 4806,
					"alreadyHasObj" : 0,
					"inputStage" : {
						"stage" : "IXSCAN",
						"nReturned" : 4806,
						"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 10,
						"works" : 4806,
						"advanced" : 4806,
						"needTime" : 0,
						"needYield" : 0,
						"saveState" : 37,
						"restoreState" : 37,
						"isEOF" : 0,
						"invalidates" : 0,
						"keyPattern" : {
							"created_at" : -1,
							"user_id" : 1
						},
						"indexName" : "created_at_-1_user_id_1",
						"isMultiKey" : false,
						"multiKeyPaths" : {
							"created_at" : [ ],
							"user_id" : [ ]
						},
						"isUnique" : false,
						"isSparse" : false,
						"isPartial" : false,
						"indexVersion" : 2,
						"direction" : "forward",
						"indexBounds" : {
							"created_at" : [
								"[MaxKey, MinKey]"
							],
							"user_id" : [
								"[MinKey, MaxKey]"
							]
						},
						"keysExamined" : 4806,
						"seeks" : 1,
						"dupsTested" : 0,
						"dupsDropped" : 0,
						"seenInvalidated" : 0
					}
				}
			}
		}
	},
	"serverInfo" : {
		"host" : "KenjinoMacBook-Air.local",
		"port" : 27017,
		"version" : "4.0.3",
		"gitVersion" : "7ea530946fa7880364d88c8d8b6026bbc9ffa48c"
	},
	"ok" : 1
}

v5 v1~v4 全て登録済み

rejectedPlans が初めて登場し、最良のIndexを判断している様子がわかる。

.js
mongo> db.qiita_items.find({'user_id':'koshilife'},{'_id':0,'created_at':1,'title':1,'url':1}).sort({'created_at':-1}).limit(3).explain('executionStats')
{
	"queryPlanner" : {
		"plannerVersion" : 1,
		"namespace" : "qiita_api_development.qiita_items",
		"indexFilterSet" : false,
		"parsedQuery" : {
			"user_id" : {
				"$eq" : "koshilife"
			}
		},
		"winningPlan" : {
			"stage" : "LIMIT",
			"limitAmount" : 3,
			"inputStage" : {
				"stage" : "PROJECTION",
				"transformBy" : {
					"_id" : 0,
					"created_at" : 1,
					"title" : 1,
					"url" : 1
				},
				"inputStage" : {
					"stage" : "FETCH",
					"inputStage" : {
						"stage" : "IXSCAN",
						"keyPattern" : {
							"user_id" : 1,
							"created_at" : -1
						},
						"indexName" : "user_id_1_created_at_-1",
						"isMultiKey" : false,
						"multiKeyPaths" : {
							"user_id" : [ ],
							"created_at" : [ ]
						},
						"isUnique" : false,
						"isSparse" : false,
						"isPartial" : false,
						"indexVersion" : 2,
						"direction" : "forward",
						"indexBounds" : {
							"user_id" : [
								"[\"koshilife\", \"koshilife\"]"
							],
							"created_at" : [
								"[MaxKey, MinKey]"
							]
						}
					}
				}
			}
		},
		"rejectedPlans" : [
			{
				"stage" : "PROJECTION",
				"transformBy" : {
					"_id" : 0,
					"created_at" : 1,
					"title" : 1,
					"url" : 1
				},
				"inputStage" : {
					"stage" : "SORT",
					"sortPattern" : {
						"created_at" : -1
					},
					"limitAmount" : 3,
					"inputStage" : {
						"stage" : "SORT_KEY_GENERATOR",
						"inputStage" : {
							"stage" : "FETCH",
							"inputStage" : {
								"stage" : "IXSCAN",
								"keyPattern" : {
									"user_id" : 1
								},
								"indexName" : "user_id_1",
								"isMultiKey" : false,
								"multiKeyPaths" : {
									"user_id" : [ ]
								},
								"isUnique" : false,
								"isSparse" : false,
								"isPartial" : false,
								"indexVersion" : 2,
								"direction" : "forward",
								"indexBounds" : {
									"user_id" : [
										"[\"koshilife\", \"koshilife\"]"
									]
								}
							}
						}
					}
				}
			},
			{
				"stage" : "LIMIT",
				"limitAmount" : 3,
				"inputStage" : {
					"stage" : "PROJECTION",
					"transformBy" : {
						"_id" : 0,
						"created_at" : 1,
						"title" : 1,
						"url" : 1
					},
					"inputStage" : {
						"stage" : "FETCH",
						"inputStage" : {
							"stage" : "IXSCAN",
							"keyPattern" : {
								"user_id" : 1,
								"created_at" : 1
							},
							"indexName" : "user_id_1_created_at_1",
							"isMultiKey" : false,
							"multiKeyPaths" : {
								"user_id" : [ ],
								"created_at" : [ ]
							},
							"isUnique" : false,
							"isSparse" : false,
							"isPartial" : false,
							"indexVersion" : 2,
							"direction" : "backward",
							"indexBounds" : {
								"user_id" : [
									"[\"koshilife\", \"koshilife\"]"
								],
								"created_at" : [
									"[MaxKey, MinKey]"
								]
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
		]
	},
	"executionStats" : {
		"executionSuccess" : true,
		"nReturned" : 3,
		"executionTimeMillis" : 3,
		"totalKeysExamined" : 3,
		"totalDocsExamined" : 3,
		"executionStages" : {
			"stage" : "LIMIT",
			"nReturned" : 3,
			"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0,
			"works" : 4,
			"advanced" : 3,
			"needTime" : 0,
			"needYield" : 0,
			"saveState" : 0,
			"restoreState" : 0,
			"isEOF" : 1,
			"invalidates" : 0,
			"limitAmount" : 3,
			"inputStage" : {
				"stage" : "PROJECTION",
				"nReturned" : 3,
				"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0,
				"works" : 3,
				"advanced" : 3,
				"needTime" : 0,
				"needYield" : 0,
				"saveState" : 0,
				"restoreState" : 0,
				"isEOF" : 0,
				"invalidates" : 0,
				"transformBy" : {
					"_id" : 0,
					"created_at" : 1,
					"title" : 1,
					"url" : 1
				},
				"inputStage" : {
					"stage" : "FETCH",
					"nReturned" : 3,
					"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0,
					"works" : 3,
					"advanced" : 3,
					"needTime" : 0,
					"needYield" : 0,
					"saveState" : 0,
					"restoreState" : 0,
					"isEOF" : 0,
					"invalidates" : 0,
					"docsExamined" : 3,
					"alreadyHasObj" : 0,
					"inputStage" : {
						"stage" : "IXSCAN",
						"nReturned" : 3,
						"executionTimeMillisEstimate" : 0,
						"works" : 3,
						"advanced" : 3,
						"needTime" : 0,
						"needYield" : 0,
						"saveState" : 0,
						"restoreState" : 0,
						"isEOF" : 0,
						"invalidates" : 0,
						"keyPattern" : {
							"user_id" : 1,
							"created_at" : -1
						},
						"indexName" : "user_id_1_created_at_-1",
						"isMultiKey" : false,
						"multiKeyPaths" : {
							"user_id" : [ ],
							"created_at" : [ ]
						},
						"isUnique" : false,
						"isSparse" : false,
						"isPartial" : false,
						"indexVersion" : 2,
						"direction" : "forward",
						"indexBounds" : {
							"user_id" : [
								"[\"koshilife\", \"koshilife\"]"
							],
							"created_at" : [
								"[MaxKey, MinKey]"
							]
						},
						"keysExamined" : 3,
						"seeks" : 1,
						"dupsTested" : 0,
						"dupsDropped" : 0,
						"seenInvalidated" : 0
					}
				}
			}
		}
	},
	"serverInfo" : {
		"host" : "KenjinoMacBook-Air.local",
		"port" : 27017,
		"version" : "4.0.3",
		"gitVersion" : "7ea530946fa7880364d88c8d8b6026bbc9ffa48c"
	},
	"ok" : 1
}
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