Class

class Animal {
    var name: String? = null

    override fun toString(): String {
        return "Animal (name is $name)"
    }
}

val cat = Animal()
cat.name = "tama"
print(cat) // Animal (name is tama)

デフォルトでAnyクラスを継承
明示的なコンストラクタなし
デフォルトでpublic
デフォルトで非open

Any Class

public open class Any {
    public open operator fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean
    public open fun hashCode(): Int
    public open fun toString(): String
}

The root of the Kotlin class hierarchy. Every Kotlin class has Any as a superclass.
Note: Any is not java.lang.Object; in particular, it does not have any members other than equals(), hashCode() and toString().
- 例えば clone() や wait() など

Constructor

class Animal(name: String) { // primary constructor
    var name: String = name // property initialization

    override fun toString(): String {
        return "Animal (name is $name)"
    }
}

class Animal(var name: String) { // primary constructor & property initial
    override fun toString(): String {
        return "Animal (name is $name)"
    }
}

class Animal(var name: String) { // primary constructor & property initial
    var age: Int? = null

    constructor(age: Int) : this("no name") { // secondary constructor
        this.age = age
    }

    override fun toString(): String {
        return "Animal (name is $name)"
    }
}

Visibility Modifiers

Modifiers	Visibility
`public` (default)	everywhere
`internal`	module
`private`	file

lib.kt

package com.access_company.myapplication.lib

class Foo
internal class Bar
private class Baz

app.kt

package com.access_company.myapplication.app // 同module 別package

import com.access_company.myapplication.Foo // OK
import com.access_company.myapplication.Bar // OK
import com.access_company.myapplication.Baz // Compile Error

Javaと違い、package privateというものはない
Module: Gradle source set などの、一緒にコンパイルされるkotlinファイルの集まり
file privateは便利

Inheritance

デフォルトでは継承できず、openの明示が必要

open class Animal(var name: String)

class Human(name: String) : Animal(name) // super class constructor

open: Javaのfinalの逆

Nested Class

Javaの static inner class と同じ

class Animal(var name: String) {
    private var nameHolder = NameHolder(name)

    override fun toString(): String {
        return return "Animal (name is ${nameHolder.toUpperCase()})"
    }

    private class NameHolder(var name: String) {
        fun toUpperCase(): String {
            return name.toUpperCase()
        }
    }
}

class Animal(var name: String) {
    private var nameHolder = NameHolder(name)

    override fun toString(): String {
        return return "Animal (name is ${nameHolder.toUpperCase()})"
    }

}
private class NameHolder(var name: String) {
    fun toUpperCase(): String {
        return name.toUpperCase()
    }
}

file privateなクラスでいいじゃんという気もする

Inner Class

Javaの staticでない inner class と同じ

class Animal(var name: String) {
    private var nameHolder = NameHolder()

    override fun toString(): String {
        return return "Animal (name is ${nameHolder.toUpperCase()})"
    }

    private inner class NameHolder() {
        fun toUpperCase(): String {
            return name.toUpperCase()
        }
    }
}

Data Class

データを保持するのに便利なクラス

data class Animal(var name: String)

The compiler automatically derives the following members from all properties declared in the primary constructor:

equals()/hashCode() pair
toString()

Animal("tama") == Animal("tama") // true
print(Animal("tama")) // Animal(name=tama)

Sealed Class

同じファイル内でしか継承できないクラス

sealed class Animal(val name: String)
class Cat(name: String) : Animal(name)
data class Human(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) : Animal("$firstName $lastName")

val animal: Animal = Cat("tama")

val nickname: String = when(animal) {
    is Cat -> "${animal.name}ちゃん"
    is Human -> "${animal.lastName}さん"
    // the `else` clause is not required
}

thanks

Kotlinのクラス（社内勉強会用）