DockerのMySQLコンテナのタイムゾーンについて

やりたいこと。
DockerのMySQLコンテナのタイムゾーンをAsia/Tokyoにしたい。

docker-compose.yml

version: '3'
services:
  db:
    image: mysql:5.7
    container_name: db
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: rootpass
    command: mysqld
    volumes:
      - ./data:/var/lib/mysql:cached
      - ./my.cnf:/etc/mysql/conf.d/my.cnf
    ports:
      - 3306

my.cnf

[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_bin
default-time-zone='Asia/Tokyo'

[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4

$ docker-compose up -d
Creating network "dbtest_default" with the default driver
Creating db ... done
$ docker logs db
2020-04-24 08:47:21+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 5.7.29-1debian10 started.
2020-04-24 08:47:21+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Switching to dedicated user 'mysql'
2020-04-24 08:47:21+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 5.7.29-1debian10 started.
2020-04-24 08:47:22+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Initializing database files
2020-04-24T08:47:22.068120Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-04-24T08:47:22.732045Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-04-24T08:47:22.872613Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-04-24T08:47:22.939450Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 3708a0f4-8608-11ea-b8d6-0242ac1c0002.
2020-04-24T08:47:22.942865Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-04-24T08:47:24.152354Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-04-24T08:47:24.396094Z 0 [ERROR] Fatal error: Illegal or unknown default time zone 'Asia/Tokyo'
2020-04-24T08:47:24.396238Z 0 [ERROR] Fatal error: Failed to initialize ACL/grant/time zones structures or failed to remove temporary table files.
2020-04-24T08:47:24.396283Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting

タイムゾーンのエラーっぽい。

$ docker-compose down
Removing db ... done
Removing network dbtest_default
$ rm -rf data

my.cnfのdefault-time-zoneをコメントアウトしてみる。

my.cnf

[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_bin
#default-time-zone='Asia/Tokyo'

[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4

$ docker-compose up -d
Creating network "dbtest_default" with the default driver
Creating db ... done

正常にコンテナが起動しました。
コンテナにログインしてMySQLのタイムゾーンを確認します。

$ docker-compose exec db bash
# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.29 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show variables like '%time_zone%';
+------------------+--------+
| Variable_name    | Value  |
+------------------+--------+
| system_time_zone | UTC    |
| time_zone        | SYSTEM |
+------------------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

これをAsia/Tokyoに変えたい。
my.cnfのコメントアウトを外します。

my.cnf

[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_bin
default-time-zone='Asia/Tokyo'

[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4

dataは残したままコンテナを再起動します。

$ docker-compose down
Stopping db ... done
Removing db ... done
Removing network dbtest_default
$ docker-compose up -d
Creating network "dbtest_default" with the default driver
Creating db ... done
$ docker-compose exec db bash
# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.29 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show variables like '%time_zone%';
+------------------+------------+
| Variable_name    | Value      |
+------------------+------------+
| system_time_zone | UTC        |
| time_zone        | Asia/Tokyo |
+------------------+------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

変わったは変わったけれど、上記のような複雑な手順になってしまうのは何故だろう。
一度タイムゾーンの設定なしで起動してから、設定ありで再起動しないとうまくいかない。
タイムゾーンのテーブルがないからっぽいが、一度の起動でタイムゾーン変更までいくにはどうすれば？？
それともどこかで自分間違っているのだろうか