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【オブジェクト指向】ポリモーフィズム

Posted at

##ポリモーフィズムとは
意味:多相性、多態性

プログラミング言語の持つ性質の一つで、ある関数やメソッドなどが、引数や返り値の数やデータ型などの異なる複数の実装を持ち、呼び出し時に使い分けるようにできること。
多態性の概念がない言語では、同名のプログラムが二重に定義されていますとエラーが出てくる。

  • dogもcatも同じcryメソッドを呼び出しているが、呼び出し先に応じて適切なメソッドを実行している。
class Animal
  attr_accessor :name

  def cry(voice='')
    "#{self.name}: #{voice}"
  end
end

class Dog < Animal
  def cry(voice='わんわん')
    super
  end
end

class Cat < Animal 
  def cry (voice='にゃー')
    super
  end
end

dog = Dog.new
dog.name = 'チョコ'

cat = Cat.new
cat.name = 'ミケ'

dog.cry     
#=>チョコ: わんわん
cat.cry     
#=>ミケ:   にゃーにゃー
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