National Aeronautics NASA System Engineering Handbook
Content
Preface
Acknowledgments
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Scope and Depth
2.0 Fundamentals of Systems Engineering
2.1 The Common Technical Processes and the SE Engine
2.2 An Overview of the SE Engine by Project Phase
2.3 Example of Using the SE Engine
2.4 Distinctions between Product Verification and Product Validation
2.5 Cost Effectiveness Considerations
2.6 Human Systems Integration (HSI) in the SE Process
2.7 Competency Model for Systems Engineers
3.0 NASA Program/Project Life Cycle
3.1 Program Formulation
3.2 Program Implementation
3.3 Project Pre-Phase A: Concept Studies
3.4 Project Phase A: Concept and Technology Development
3.5 Project Phase B: Preliminary Design and Technology Completion
3.6 Project Phase C: Final Design and Fabrication
3.7 Project Phase D: System Assembly, Integration and Test, Launch
3.8 Project Phase E: Operations and Sustainment
3.9 Project Phase F: Closeout
3.10 Funding: The Budget Cycle
3.11 Tailoring and Customization of NPR 7123.1 Requirements
3.11.1 Introduction
3.11.2 Criteria for Tailoring
3.11.3 Tailoring SE NPR Requirements Using the Compliance Matrix
3.11.4 Ways to Tailor a SE Requirement
3.11.5 Examples of Tailoring and Customization
3.11.6 Approvals for Tailoring
4.0 System Design Processes
4.1 Stakeholder Expectations Definition
4.1.1 Process Description
4.1.2 Stakeholder Expectations Definition Guidance
4.2 Technical Requirements Definition
4.2.1 Process Description
4.2.2 Technical Requirements Definition Guidance
4.3 Logical Decomposition
4.3.1 Process Description
4.3.2 Logical Decomposition Guidance
4.4 Design Solution Definition
4.4.1 Process Description
4.4.2 Design Solution Definition Guidance
5.0 Product Realization
5.1 Product Implementation
5.1.1 Process Description
5.1.2 Product Implementation Guidance
5.2 Product Integration
5.2.1 Process Description
5.2.2 Product Integration Guidance
5.3 Product Verification
5.3.1 Process Description
5.3.2 Product Verification Guidance
5.4 Product Validation
5.4.1 Process Description
5.4.2 Product Validation Guidance
5.5 Product Transition
5.5.1 Process Description
5.5.2 Product Transition Guidance
6.0 Crosscutting Technical Management
6.1 Technical Planning
6.1.1 Process Description
6.1.2 Technical Planning Guidance
6.2 Requirements Management
6.2.1 Process Description
6.2.2 Requirements Management Guidance
6.3 Interface Management
6.3.1 Process Description
6.3.2 Interface Management Guidance
6.4 Technical Risk Management
6.4.1 Risk Management Process Description
6.4.2 Risk Management Process Guidance
6.5 Configuration Management
6.5.1 Process Description
6.5.2 CM Guidance
6.6 Technical Data Management
6.6.1 Process Description
6.6.2 Technical Data Management Guidance
6.7 Technical Assessment
6.7.1 Process Description
6.7.2 Technical Assessment Guidance
6.8 Decision Analysis
6.8.1 Process Description
6.8.2 Decision Analysis Guidance
Appendix A: Acronyms
Appendix B: Glossary
Appendix C: How to Write a Good Requirement—Checklist
Appendix D: Requirements Verification Matrix
Appendix E: Creating the Validation Plan with a Validation Requirements Matrix
Appendix F: Functional, Timing, and State Analysis
Appendix G: Technology Assessment/Insertion
Appendix H: Integration Plan Outline
Appendix I: Verification and Validation Plan Outline
Appendix J: SEMP Content Outline
Appendix K: Technical Plans
| Short Name | Description |
|---|---|
| AADL | Architecture Analysis and Design Language |
| AD2 | Advancement Degree of Difficulty Assessment |
| AIAA | American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics |
| AO | Announcement of Opportunity |
| AS9100 | Aerospace Quality Management Standard |
| ASME | American Society of Mechanical Engineers |
| ASQ | American Society for Quality |
| CAIB | Columbia Accident Investigation Board |
| CCB | Configuration Control Board |
| CDR | Critical Design Review |
| CE | Concurrent Engineering or Chief Engineer |
| CEQ | Council on Environmental Quality |
| CERR | |
| Critical Event Readiness Review | |
| CHSIP | |
| Commercial Human Systems Integration Processes | |
| CI | |
| Configuration Item | |
| CM | |
| Configuration Management | |
| CMO | |
| Configuration Management Organization | |
| ConOps | |
| Concept of Operations | |
| COSPAR | |
| Committee on Space Research | |
| COTS | |
| Commercial Off-The-Shelf | |
| CPI | |
| Critical Program Information | |
| CR | |
| Change Request | |
| CRM | |
| Continuous Risk Management | |
| CSA | |
| Configuration Status Accounting | |
| D&C | |
| Design and Construction | |
| DDT&E | |
| Design, Development, Test, and Evaluation | |
| DM | |
| Data Management | |
| DOD | |
| (U.S.) Department of Defense | |
| DODAF | |
| DOD Architecture Framework | |
| DR | |
| Decommissioning Review | |
| DRM | |
| Design Reference Mission | |
| DRR | |
| Disposal Readiness Review | |
| EDL | |
| Entry, Descent, and Landing | |
| EEE | |
| Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical | |
| EFFBD | |
| Enhanced Functional Flow Block Diagram | |
| EIA | |
| Electronic Industries Alliance” | |
| “ | |
| AADL | |
| Architecture Analysis and Design Language | |
| AD2 | |
| Advancement Degree of Difficulty Assessment | |
| AIAA | |
| American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics | |
| AO | |
| Announcement of Opportunity | |
| AS9100 | |
| Aerospace Quality Management Standard | |
| ASME | |
| American Society of Mechanical Engineers | |
| ASQ | |
| American Society for Quality | |
| CAIB | |
| Columbia Accident Investigation Board | |
| CCB | |
| Configuration Control Board | |
| CDR | |
| Critical Design Review | |
| CE | |
| Concurrent Engineering or Chief Engineer | |
| CEQ | |
| Council on Environmental Quality | |
| CERR | |
| Critical Event Readiness Review | |
| CHSIP | |
| Commercial Human Systems Integration Processes | |
| CI | |
| Configuration Item | |
| CM | |
| Configuration Management | |
| CMO | |
| Configuration Management Organization | |
| ConOps | |
| Concept of Operations | |
| COSPAR | |
| Committee on Space Research | |
| COTS | |
| Commercial Off-The-Shelf | |
| CPI | |
| Critical Program Information | |
| CR | |
| Change Request | |
| CRM | |
| Continuous Risk Management | |
| CSA | |
| Configuration Status Accounting | |
| D&C | |
| Design and Construction | |
| DDT&E | |
| Design, Development, Test, and Evaluation | |
| DM | |
| Data Management | |
| DOD | |
| (U.S.) Department of Defense | |
| DODAF | |
| DOD Architecture Framework | |
| DR | |
| Decommissioning Review | |
| DRM | |
| Design Reference Mission | |
| DRR | |
| Disposal Readiness Review | |
| EDL | |
| Entry, Descent, and Landing | |
| EEE | |
| Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical | |
| EFFBD | |
| Enhanced Functional Flow Block Diagram | |
| EIA | |
| Electronic Industries Alliance | |
| EMC | |
| Electromagnetic Compatibility | |
| EMI | |
| Electromagnetic Interference | |
| EO | |
| (U.S.) Executive Order | |
| EOM | |
| End of Mission | |
| EVM | |
| Earned Value Management | |
| FA | |
| Formulation Agreement | |
| FAD | |
| Formulation Authorization Document | |
| FAR | |
| Federal Acquisition Regulation | |
| FCA | |
| Functional[…]” | |
| “ITAR | |
| International Traffic in Arms Regulation | |
| IV&V | |
| Independent Verification and Validation | |
| IVHM | |
| Integrated Vehicle Health Management | |
| IWG | |
| Interface Working Group | |
| JCL | |
| Joint (cost and schedule) Confidence Level | |
| JPL | |
| Jet Propulsion Laboratory | |
| KBSI | |
| Knowledge Based Systems, Inc. | |
| KDP | |
| Key Decision Point | |
| KDR | |
| Key Driving Requirement | |
| KPP | |
| Key Performance Parameter | |
| KSC | |
| Kennedy Space Center | |
| LCC | |
| Life Cycle Cost | |
| LEO | |
| Low Earth Orbit or Low Earth Orbiting | |
| M&S | |
| Modeling and Simulation or Models and Simulations | |
| MBSE | |
| Model-Based Systems Engineering | |
| MCR | |
| Mission Concept Review | |
| MDAA | |
| Mission Directorate Associate Administrator | |
| MDR | |
| Mission Definition Review | |
| MEL | |
| Master Equipment List | |
| MODAF | |
| (U.K.) Ministry of Defense Architecture Framework | |
| MOE | |
| Measure of Effectiveness | |
| MOP | |
| Measure of Performance | |
| MOTS | |
| Modified Off-The-Shelf | |
| MOU | |
| Memorandum of Understanding | |
| MRB | |
| Material Review Board | |
| MRR | |
| Mission Readiness Review | |
| MSFC | |
| Marshall Space Flight Center | |
| NASA | |
| (U.S.) National Aeronautics and Space Administration | |
| NEN | |
| NASA Engineering Network | |
| NEPA | |
| National Environmental Policy Act | |
| NFS | |
| NASA FAR Supplement | |
| NGO | |
| Needs, Goals, and Objectives | |
| NIAT | |
| NASA Integrated Action Team | |
| NID | |
| NASA Interim Directive | |
| NOA | |
| New Obligation Authority | |
| NOAA | |
| (U.S.) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | |
| NODIS | |
| NASA Online Directives Information System | |
| NPD | |
| NASA Policy Directive | |
| NPR | |
| NASA Procedural Requirements | |
| NRC | |
| “NRC | |
| (U.S.) Nuclear Regulatory Commission | |
| NSTS | |
| National Space Transportation System | |
| OCE | |
| (NASA) Office of the Chief Engineer | |
| OCIO | |
| (NASA) Office of the Chief Information Officer | |
| OCL | |
| Object Constraint Language | |
| OMB | |
| (U.S.) Office of Management and Budget | |
| ORR | |
| Operational Readiness Review | |
| OTS | |
| Off-the-Shelf | |
| OWL | |
| Web Ontology Language | |
| PBS | |
| Product Breakdown Structure | |
| PCA | |
| Physical Configuration Audit or Program Commitment Agreement | |
| PD/NSC | |
| (U.S.) Presidential Directive/National Security Council | |
| PDR | |
| Preliminary Design Review | |
| PFAR | |
| Post-Flight Assessment Review | |
| PI | |
| Performance Index or Principal Investigator | |
| PIR | |
| Program Implementation Review | |
| PKI | |
| Public Key Infrastructure | |
| PLAR | |
| Post-Launch Assessment Review | |
| PM | |
| Program Manager or Project Manager | |
| PMC | |
| Program Management Council | |
| PPD | |
| (U.S.) Presidential Policy Directive | |
| PRA | |
| Probabilistic Risk Assessment | |
| PRD | |
| Project Requirements Document | |
| PRR | |
| Production Readiness Review | |
| QA | |
| Quality Assurance | |
| QVT | |
| Query View Transformations | |
| R&M | |
| Reliability and Maintainability | |
| R&T | |
| Research and Technology | |
| RACI | |
| Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed | |
| REC | |
| Record of Environmental Consideration | |
| RF | |
| Radio Frequency | |
| RFA | |
| Requests for Action | |
| RFP | |
| Request for Proposal | |
| RID | |
| Review Item Discrepancy or Review Item Disposition | |
| RIDM | |
| Risk-Informed Decision-Making | |
| RM | |
| Risk Management | |
| RMA | |
| Rapid Mission Architecture | |
| RUL | |
| Remaining Useful Life | |
| SAR | |
| “ | |
| System Acceptance Review or Safety Analysis Report (DOE) | |
| SBU | |
| Sensitive But Unclassified | |
| SDR | |
| Program/System Definition Review | |
| SE | |
| Systems Engineering | |
| SECoP | |
| Systems Engineering Community of Practice | |
| SEMP | |
| Systems Engineering Management Plan | |
| SI | |
| International System of Units (French: Système international d’unités) | |
| SIR | |
| System Integration Review | |
| SMA | |
| Safety and Mission Assurance | |
| SME | |
| Subject Matter Expert | |
| SOW | |
| Statement Of Work | |
| SP | |
| Special Publication | |
| SRD | |
| System Requirements Document | |
| SRR | |
| Program/System Requirements Review | |
| SRS | |
| Software Requirements Specification | |
| STI | |
| Scientific and Technical Information | |
| STS | |
| Space Transportation System | |
| SysML | |
| System Modeling Language | |
| T&E | |
| Test and Evaluation | |
| TA | |
| Technical Authority | |
| TBD | |
| To Be Determined | |
| TBR | |
| To Be Resolved | |
| ToR | |
| Terms of Reference | |
| TPM | |
| Technical Performance Measure | |
| TRL | |
| Technology Readiness Level | |
| TRR | |
| Test Readiness Review | |
| TVC | |
| Thrust Vector Controller | |
| UFE | |
| Unallocated Future Expenses | |
| UML | |
| Unified Modeling Language | |
| V&V | |
| Verification and Validation | |
| WBS | |
| Work Breakdown Structure | |
| WYE | |
| Work Year Equivalent | |
| XMI | |
| XML Metadata Interchange | |
| XML | |
| Extensible Markup Language” |