データベース

mysql> show create database database_name;
+---------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database      | Create Database                                                                                                                         |
+---------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| database_name | CREATE DATABASE `database_name` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci */ /*!80016 DEFAULT ENCRYPTION='N' */ |
+---------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

テーブル毎

mysql> SELECT TABLE_NAME,TABLE_COLLATION FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA="database_name";
+--------------------------------+--------------------+
| TABLE_NAME                     | TABLE_COLLATION    |
+--------------------------------+--------------------+
| table_name                     | utf8mb4_general_ci |
・・・