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第5回:Cusinart - 高度な運用機能

~自己修復する分散システムの実現~

はじめに

分散システムの運用では、障害検知、自動復旧、負荷分散が重要です。Cusinartは、これらの機能を統合的に提供します。

障害検知と自動復旧

// ヘルスチェックシステム
pub struct HealthMonitor {
    nodes: HashMap<NodeId, NodeHealth>,
    checker: IntervalChecker,
    recovery_manager: RecoveryManager,
}

impl HealthMonitor {
    pub async fn start_monitoring(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        self.checker.start(Duration::from_secs(5), |_| {
            self.check_all_nodes()
        }).await
    }

    async fn check_all_nodes(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        for (node_id, health) in &mut self.nodes {
            match self.check_node(*node_id).await {
                Ok(_) => health.record_success(),
                Err(e) => {
                    health.record_failure();
                    if health.should_recover() {
                        self.initiate_recovery(*node_id, e).await?;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    async fn initiate_recovery(&mut self, node_id: NodeId, cause: Error) -> Result<()> {
        let recovery_plan = self.recovery_manager
            .create_recovery_plan(node_id, cause)?;
        
        self.execute_recovery_plan(recovery_plan).await
    }
}

// 障害復旧システム
pub struct RecoveryManager {
    strategies: Vec<Box<dyn RecoveryStrategy>>,
    state_store: StateStore,
}

impl RecoveryManager {
    pub fn create_recovery_plan(&self, node_id: NodeId, cause: Error) -> Result<RecoveryPlan> {
        let strategy = self.select_strategy(&cause)?;
        let current_state = self.state_store.get_node_state(node_id)?;
        
        strategy.create_plan(node_id, current_state)
    }
    
    async fn execute_plan(&self, plan: RecoveryPlan) -> Result<()> {
        for step in plan.steps {
            match step {
                RecoveryStep::RestartNode(node_id) => {
                    self.restart_node(node_id).await?;
                }
                RecoveryStep::ReplicateState(source, target) => {
                    self.replicate_state(source, target).await?;
                }
                RecoveryStep::RedirectTraffic(from, to) => {
                    self.redirect_traffic(from, to).await?;
                }
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

ノードの動的管理

// ノードマネージャー
pub struct DynamicNodeManager {
    nodes: HashMap<NodeId, NodeInfo>,
    capacity_planner: CapacityPlanner,
    load_balancer: LoadBalancer,
}

impl DynamicNodeManager {
    pub async fn add_node(&mut self, config: NodeConfig) -> Result<NodeId> {
        let node_id = self.generate_node_id();
        let node = Node::start(config).await?;
        
        // 新しいノードの初期化
        self.initialize_node(&node).await?;
        
        // 既存ノードとの同期
        self.sync_state_with_cluster(&node).await?;
        
        // 負荷分散の更新
        self.load_balancer.add_node(node_id, node.capacity());
        
        self.nodes.insert(node_id, node);
        Ok(node_id)
    }
    
    pub async fn remove_node(&mut self, node_id: NodeId) -> Result<()> {
        let node = self.nodes.get(&node_id)
            .ok_or(Error::NodeNotFound)?;
        
        // ワークロードの移行
        self.migrate_workload(node_id).await?;
        
        // ノードのグレースフルシャットダウン
        node.shutdown().await?;
        
        // クラスタ設定の更新
        self.load_balancer.remove_node(node_id);
        self.nodes.remove(&node_id);
        
        Ok(())
    }
}

// 容量計画
pub struct CapacityPlanner {
    metrics_collector: MetricsCollector,
    threshold_manager: ThresholdManager,
}

impl CapacityPlanner {
    pub async fn analyze_capacity(&self) -> Result<CapacityPlan> {
        let metrics = self.metrics_collector.get_cluster_metrics().await?;
        let current_load = metrics.average_load();
        
        if current_load > self.threshold_manager.scale_up_threshold() {
            Ok(CapacityPlan::ScaleUp(self.calculate_new_nodes(current_load)))
        } else if current_load < self.threshold_manager.scale_down_threshold() {
            Ok(CapacityPlan::ScaleDown(self.calculate_removable_nodes(current_load)))
        } else {
            Ok(CapacityPlan::Maintain)
        }
    }
}

負荷分散とスケーリング

// 負荷分散システム
pub struct LoadBalancer {
    strategy: Box<dyn BalancingStrategy>,
    node_stats: HashMap<NodeId, NodeStats>,
}

impl LoadBalancer {
    pub async fn distribute_task(&self, task: Task) -> Result<NodeId> {
        let eligible_nodes = self.find_eligible_nodes(&task)?;
        let selected_node = self.strategy.select_node(&eligible_nodes, &self.node_stats)?;
        
        Ok(selected_node)
    }
    
    pub fn update_node_stats(&mut self, node_id: NodeId, stats: NodeStats) {
        self.node_stats.insert(node_id, stats);
        self.strategy.adjust_weights(&self.node_stats);
    }
}

// 自動スケーリング
pub struct AutoScaler {
    node_manager: DynamicNodeManager,
    capacity_planner: CapacityPlanner,
    scaling_policy: ScalingPolicy,
}

impl AutoScaler {
    pub async fn run_scaling_cycle(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        let plan = self.capacity_planner.analyze_capacity().await?;
        
        match plan {
            CapacityPlan::ScaleUp(count) => {
                for _ in 0..count {
                    let config = self.scaling_policy.create_node_config()?;
                    self.node_manager.add_node(config).await?;
                }
            }
            CapacityPlan::ScaleDown(nodes) => {
                for node_id in nodes {
                    self.node_manager.remove_node(node_id).await?;
                }
            }
            CapacityPlan::Maintain => {}
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
}

実装例:自己修復型クラスタの実装

// 自己修復クラスタ
pub struct SelfHealingCluster {
    health_monitor: HealthMonitor,
    node_manager: DynamicNodeManager,
    auto_scaler: AutoScaler,
}

impl SelfHealingCluster {
    pub async fn run(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        // 各コンポーネントの起動
        let health_handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
            self.health_monitor.start_monitoring().await
        });
        
        let scaling_handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
            loop {
                self.auto_scaler.run_scaling_cycle().await?;
                tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(60)).await;
            }
        });

        // イベントループ
        loop {
            tokio::select! {
                health_event = health_handle => {
                    self.handle_health_event(health_event?).await?;
                }
                scaling_event = scaling_handle => {
                    self.handle_scaling_event(scaling_event?).await?;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    async fn handle_health_event(&mut self, event: HealthEvent) -> Result<()> {
        match event {
            HealthEvent::NodeFailure(node_id) => {
                self.initiate_node_recovery(node_id).await
            }
            HealthEvent::ServiceDegraded(service_id) => {
                self.handle_service_degradation(service_id).await
            }
            // 他のヘルスイベント処理
        }
    }
}

// 使用例
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
    let config = ClusterConfig::load("cluster.toml")?;
    let mut cluster = SelfHealingCluster::new(config);
    
    cluster.run().await
}

今回のまとめ

  1. 高度な障害検知と自動復旧機能の実装
  2. 動的なノード管理とスケーリング
  3. 効率的な負荷分散システム
  4. 自己修復型クラスタの実現

次回予告

第6回では、gennethleia-coreの実装について解説します。no_std環境対応の基盤設計と、プラットフォーム非依存のコアロジック実装について詳しく見ていきます。

参考資料

  • Site Reliability Engineering
  • Designing Data-Intensive Applications
  • Cloud Native Patterns
  • Autonomous Systems Design
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