tl;dr
msgbox.xaml.cs
private void btnDialog_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
_ = hogeAsync();
}
private async Task hogeAsync()
{
ContentDialog contentDialog = new ContentDialog
{
Title = "ダイアログタイトル",
Content = "コンテンツ(メッセージ内容)",
CloseButtonText = "ボタンに表示するテキスト"
};
ContentDialogResult result = await contentDialog.ShowAsync();
}