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第36話 立法数の和

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この記事は仮面ライダービルドの数式の第36話です。

1^3+2^3+3^3=(1+2+3)^2=36

立方数の和と、自然数の和の二乗は同じ数になります。
総和を求める式を見れば一目瞭然です。

\sum_{k=1}^n k=\frac{n(n+1)}{2}\\
\sum_{k=1}^n k^3 =(\frac{n(n+1)}{2})^2

1~nまでを足し算した結果はこのように求められます。

S=1+2+3+4+5\\
2S=(1+5)+(2+4)+(3+3)+(4+2)+(5+1)\\
=6+6+6+6+6=6×5\\
S=\frac{6×5}{2}=15

こうやって考える他に次のように式を変形して証明しても良いでしょう。
S(n)を1からnの合計とします。

S(n)+(n+1)=\frac{n(n+1)}{2}+(n+1)\\
=\frac{1}{2}n(n+1)+(n+1)=(\frac{1}{2}n+1)(n+1)\\
=\frac{n+2}{2}(n+1)=\frac{(n+1)(n+2)}{2}=S(n+1)

立方数の和も同様の式を作って計算すると冒頭の式が正しいことがわかります。

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