VRF-Lite
今回は、VRF-Liteにトライ。VRFとは「Virtual Routing and Forwarding」の略で、ルーターに複数のルーティングテーブルをもたせるもの。次のサイトの説明がナイスである。
- 【図解】VRFの概要と仕組み ~VRF-Liteとの違い,構成例,設定例について~
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VRF-Lite
MPLSを利用しないVPNを実現するので、「Lite」というのであろうか?
2社の2拠点を同一回線で接続
同じ回線を用いて、2社の2拠点を接続し、それぞれのVPNを実現する。
図の上がA社ネットワーク、下がB社ネットワーク、JapanとEUとの間で、同じ回線を物理的に共有しているものとする。また、末端の端末である、A社のPCとB社のPCとに同じIPアドレスを割り当てた(A-PC1とB-PC1、A-PC2とB-PC2とが同一のIPアドレス)。
設定
次のサイトの記載をもとに設定。
VRF設定を行うルーター(Japan)
A社およびB社ようのVRF名およびRDを設定する。
ip vrf A-VRF
rd 10:10
ip vrf B-VRF
rd 20:20
I/FへのIPアドレスのアサイン及びA社およびB社の拠点ルーターへの経路をVRF名と結びつける(ip vrf forwarding)。同じIPアドレスでもOK。
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip vrf forwarding A-VRF
ip address 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip vrf forwarding B-VRF
ip address 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0
拠点間(Japan-EU)は802.1Qでカプセル(トランク)化する。10がA社用、20がB社用であり、「ip vrf forwarding」で結びつける。
interface FastEthernet1/0
no ip address
interface FastEthernet1/0.10
encapsulation dot1Q 10
ip vrf forwarding A-VRF
ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet1/0.20
encapsulation dot1Q 20
ip vrf forwarding B-VRF
ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
拠点間はEIGRP(100)、A社ネットワークはEIGRP(10)、B社ネットワークはOSPF(Area 0)で接続。
router eigrp 100
network 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255
no auto-summary
!
address-family ipv4 vrf A-VRF
network 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255
no auto-summary
autonomous-system 10
exit-address-family
!
router ospf 20 vrf B-VRF
network 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
VRF設定を行うルーター(EU)
Japanと同じなので、説明省略。
ip vrf A-VRF
rd 10:10
ip vrf B-VRF
rd 20:20
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip vrf forwarding A-VRF
ip address 192.168.22.1 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip vrf forwarding B-VRF
ip address 192.168.22.1 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet1/0
no ip address
interface FastEthernet1/0.10
encapsulation dot1Q 10
ip vrf forwarding A-VRF
ip address 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet1/0.20
encapsulation dot1Q 20
ip vrf forwarding B-VRF
ip address 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.0
router eigrp 100
network 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255
no auto-summary
address-family ipv4 vrf A-VRF
network 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255
no auto-summary
autonomous-system 10
exit-address-family
router ospf 20 vrf B-VRF
network 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
拠点内ルーター(Tokyo)
I/FへのIPアドレスアサイン、およびEIGRP(10)の設定。こちらには、当然ながら、VRFの設定は存在しない。
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.11.2 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 192.168.111.254 255.255.255.0
no cdp enable
router eigrp 10
passive-interface FastEthernet0/1
network 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255
no auto-summary
拠点内ルーター(Osaka)
I/FへのIPアドレスアサイン、およびOSPF(Area 0)の設定。こちらにも、VRFの設定は存在しない。
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.11.2 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 192.168.111.254 255.255.255.0
no cdp enable
router ospf 20
passive-interface FastEthernet0/1
network 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
拠点内ルーター(Roma,Paris)
TokyoおよびOsakaと同じなので説明省略。Romaはこちら。
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.22.2 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 192.168.222.254 255.255.255.0
no cdp enable
router eigrp 10
passive-interface FastEthernet0/1
network 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255
no auto-summary
Paris。
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.22.2 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 192.168.222.254 255.255.255.0
no cdp enable
router ospf 20
passive-interface FastEthernet0/1
network 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
なお、PCの設定は自明のため、省略。
検証
A-PC1からA-PC2へのPing時の拠点間(Japan-EU)のWiresharkデータはこちらである。
ID(10)でカプセル化されているのがわかる。このパケットはB社ネットワークには流れていない。
B-PC1からB-PC2へのPing時の拠点間(Japan-EU)のWiresharkデータはこちらである。
ID(20)でカプセル化されているのがわかる。IPアドレス自体は、A社の時のPingと同じであるが、カプセル化されているため、拠点間エッジルーター(VRF設定を行ったルーター)で、A社間通信とB社間通信との区別が可能となる。
Showコマンド結果
日本側の状況の表示のみ。EU側もほぼ同じのため、こちらは省略。
ルーターJapan(VRF設定を行ったルーター)
VRFごとのルーティング状況がわかる。
Japan#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
Japan#show ip vrf
Name Default RD Interfaces
A-VRF 10:10 Fa0/0
Fa1/0.10
B-VRF 20:20 Fa0/1
Fa1/0.20
Japan#show ip route vrf A-VRF
Routing Table: A-VRF
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
D 192.168.111.0/24 [90/307200] via 192.168.11.2, 00:21:37, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.11.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D 192.168.22.0/24 [90/284160] via 192.168.0.2, 00:21:38, FastEthernet1/0.10
C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0.10
D 192.168.222.0/24
[90/309760] via 192.168.0.2, 00:21:36, FastEthernet1/0.10
Japan#show ip route vrf B-VRF
Routing Table: B-VRF
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
O 192.168.111.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.11.2, 00:21:03, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.11.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
O 192.168.22.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.0.2, 00:21:03, FastEthernet1/0.20
C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0.20
O 192.168.222.0/24 [110/21] via 192.168.0.2, 00:21:03, FastEthernet1/0.20
Japan#show ip eigrp 100 topology
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(192.168.0.1)
Japan#show ip eigrp vrf A-VRF topology
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(10)/ID(192.168.11.1) Routing Table: A-VRF
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
r - reply Status, s - sia Status
P 192.168.111.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 307200
via 192.168.11.2 (307200/281600), FastEthernet0/0
P 192.168.11.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 281600
via Connected, FastEthernet0/0
P 192.168.0.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 28160
via Connected, FastEthernet1/0.10
P 192.168.22.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 284160
via 192.168.0.2 (284160/281600), FastEthernet1/0.10
P 192.168.222.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 309760
via 192.168.0.2 (309760/307200), FastEthernet1/0.10
Japan#show ip eigrp vrf A-VRF neighbors
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 10
H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
1 192.168.0.2 Fa1/0.10 10 00:23:14 23 200 0 9
0 192.168.11.2 Fa0/0 12 00:23:14 30 200 0 4
Japan#show ip ospf 20 neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
192.168.22.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:37 192.168.0.2 FastEthernet1/0.20
192.168.111.254 1 FULL/DR 00:00:35 192.168.11.2 FastEthernet0/1
Japan#show ip ospf 20
Routing Process "ospf 20" with ID 192.168.11.1
Domain ID type 0x0005, value 0.0.0.20
Start time: 00:00:33.928, Time elapsed: 00:24:00.148
Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
Supports opaque LSA
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Supports area transit capability
Connected to MPLS VPN Superbackbone, VRF B-VRF
It is an area border router
Router is not originating router-LSAs with maximum metric
Initial SPF schedule delay 5000 msecs
Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs
Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs
Incremental-SPF disabled
Minimum LSA interval 5 secs
Minimum LSA arrival 1000 msecs
LSA group pacing timer 240 secs
Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs
Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs
Number of external LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of DCbitless external and opaque AS LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge external and opaque AS LSA 0
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Number of areas transit capable is 0
External flood list length 0
Area BACKBONE(0)
Number of interfaces in this area is 2
Area has no authentication
SPF algorithm last executed 00:23:03.012 ago
SPF algorithm executed 4 times
Area ranges are
Number of LSA 7. Checksum Sum 0x02E52F
Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of indication LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
Flood list length 0
拠点内ルーターTokyo
EIGRPによるルーティング状況。
Tokyo#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.111.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.11.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D 192.168.22.0/24 [90/309760] via 192.168.11.1, 00:17:42, FastEthernet0/0
D 192.168.0.0/24 [90/284160] via 192.168.11.1, 00:17:42, FastEthernet0/0
D 192.168.222.0/24 [90/335360] via 192.168.11.1, 00:17:42, FastEthernet0/0
Tokyo#show ip eigrp topology
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(10)/ID(192.168.111.254)
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
r - reply Status, s - sia Status
P 192.168.111.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 281600
via Connected, FastEthernet0/1
P 192.168.11.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 281600
via Connected, FastEthernet0/0
P 192.168.0.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 284160
via 192.168.11.1 (284160/28160), FastEthernet0/0
P 192.168.22.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 309760
via 192.168.11.1 (309760/284160), FastEthernet0/0
P 192.168.222.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 335360
via 192.168.11.1 (335360/309760), FastEthernet0/0
Tokyo#show ip eigrp neighbors
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 10
H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
0 192.168.11.1 Fa0/0 13 00:18:54 22 300 0 11
拠点内ルーターOsaka
OSPFによるルーティング状況。
Osaka#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.111.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.11.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.22.0/24 [110/21] via 192.168.11.1, 00:10:36, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.0.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.11.1, 00:10:36, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.222.0/24 [110/31] via 192.168.11.1, 00:10:36, FastEthernet0/0
Osaka#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
192.168.11.1 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:33 192.168.11.1 FastEthernet0/0
Osaka#show ip ospf
Routing Process "ospf 20" with ID 192.168.111.254
Start time: 00:00:30.896, Time elapsed: 00:25:52.092
Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
Supports opaque LSA
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Supports area transit capability
Router is not originating router-LSAs with maximum metric
Initial SPF schedule delay 5000 msecs
Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs
Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs
Incremental-SPF disabled
Minimum LSA interval 5 secs
Minimum LSA arrival 1000 msecs
LSA group pacing timer 240 secs
Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs
Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs
Number of external LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of DCbitless external and opaque AS LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge external and opaque AS LSA 0
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Number of areas transit capable is 0
External flood list length 0
Area BACKBONE(0)
Number of interfaces in this area is 2
Area has no authentication
SPF algorithm last executed 00:10:51.024 ago
SPF algorithm executed 4 times
Area ranges are
Number of LSA 7. Checksum Sum 0x02E52F
Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of indication LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
Flood list length 0
......
MPLS-VPNもトライしてみます。