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意外と知られてないかもしれないlinuxコマンドのオプション

Last updated at Posted at 2016-02-18

よく使うコマンド。

psで特定のプロセスだけ見る

rubyのプロセスだけ見たいときps auxww | grep ruby が美しくないと感じる方向けに-Cオプションが便利。

ps -Cruby ufw
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
webapp   19078  0.0  2.6 113468 26572 ?        Ssl  22:08   0:00 puma 2.10.2 (unix:///var/run/puma/my_app.sock)
webapp   19084  0.3 18.3 845408 186564 ?       Sl   22:08   0:16  \_ puma: cluster worker 0: 19078
healthd   2410  0.0  2.6 686832 27316 ?        Ssl   2015  50:45 puma 2.11.1 (tcp://127.0.0.1:22221) [healthd]

,区切りで複数のコマンドを指定できるので、nginxとrubyが見たい場合。

ps -Cruby,nginx ufw
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
webapp   19078  0.0  2.6 113468 26572 ?        Ssl  22:08   0:00 puma 2.10.2 (unix:///var/run/puma/my_app.sock)
webapp   19084  0.3 18.3 845408 186564 ?       Sl   22:08   0:16  \_ puma: cluster worker 0: 19078
healthd   2410  0.0  2.6 686832 27320 ?        Ssl   2015  50:45 puma 2.11.1 (tcp://127.0.0.1:22221) [healthd]
root      2672  0.0  0.8 112852  8816 ?        Ss    2015   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
nginx    18721  0.0  0.9 113016  9644 ?        S    22:07   0:00  \_ nginx: worker process

psで特定のユーザのプロセスだけ見る

-Uオプションを使う

ps -Uwebapp ufw
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
webapp    6270  0.0  1.9 113428 20328 ?        Ssl  Mar01   0:24 puma 2.10.2 (unix:///var/run/puma/my_app.sock)
webapp    6291  0.2 16.9 847548 172956 ?       Sl   Mar01  45:58  \_ puma: cluster worker 0: 6270

-U,区切りで複数のユーザを指定できる

ps -Uwebapp,ec2-user ufw
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
ec2-user 32296  0.0  0.3 115656  3780 ?        S    12:05   0:00 sshd: ec2-user@pts/0
ec2-user 32297  0.0  0.3 115564  3544 pts/0    Ss   12:05   0:00  \_ -bash
ec2-user 32375  0.0  0.2 117152  2472 pts/0    R+   12:07   0:00      \_ ps -Uwebapp,ec2-user ufw
webapp    6270  0.0  1.9 113428 20332 ?        Ssl  Mar01   0:24 puma 2.10.2 (unix:///var/run/puma/my_app.sock)
webapp    6291  0.2 16.9 847548 172960 ?       Sl   Mar01  45:59  \_ puma: cluster worker 0: 6270

リッスンしているポートを掴んでいるコマンドを表示

netstatはオワコンらしいがよく使っている。
-pオプション(root権限必要)を付けるとPIDとコマンド名を表示してくれるので便利。

sudo netstat -lnatp
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2230/sshd
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:8600              0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      19044/consul
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2270/sendmail
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:24224               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      19013/ruby
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:22221             0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2410/puma 2.11.1 (t
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:40781               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2084/rpc.statd
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111                 0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2067/rpcbind
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:8400              0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      19044/consul
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2672/nginx
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:8500              0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      19044/consul

dmesgの日付を人が読める形で表示

-Tオプションを付ける

dmesg -T
...
[Tue Nov 24 23:22:27 2015] evbug: Connected device: input0 (AT Translated Set 2 keyboard at isa0060/serio0/input0)
[Tue Nov 24 23:22:27 2015] evbug: Connected device: input2 (Power Button at LNXPWRBN/button/input0)
[Tue Nov 24 23:22:27 2015] evbug: Connected device: input3 (Sleep Button at LNXSLPBN/button/input0)
[Tue Nov 24 23:22:28 2015] input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/platform/i8042/serio1/input/input4
[Tue Nov 24 23:22:28 2015] evbug: Connected device: input4 (ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse at isa0060/serio1/input0)
[Tue Nov 24 23:22:31 2015] EXT4-fs (xvda1): re-mounted. Opts: (null)
[Tue Nov 24 23:22:31 2015] NET: Registered protocol family 10

ipの出力を一行にする

出力が1行にまとまっている方が良かったりする場合、-oオプションが便利。

ip -f inet -o addr show
1: lo    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo\       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0    inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global eth0\       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1    inet 192.168.10.3/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth1\       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

topの結果をパイプなどに流したい場合

-bオプションを付ける

top -b -n 1 | head
top - 18:19:13 up 11 days, 11:36,  1 user,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
Tasks: 129 total,   1 running, 128 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  2.1 us,  0.8 sy,  0.0 ni, 97.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem:    501736 total,   463892 used,    37844 free,     3620 buffers
KiB Swap:  4194300 total,   498476 used,  3695824 free.    34032 cached Mem

  PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND
  935 app       20   0  900316 166816   1012 S  6.3 33.2   7:22.24 ruby
    1 root      20   0   33632    244    220 S  0.0  0.0   0:01.41 init
    2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.04 kthreadd
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