#!/bin/sh

# ex.
# $ ./xx.sh create 2018-01-01 2018-12-31
# $ ./xx.sh delete 2018-01-01 2018-12-31

METHOD=$1
STARTDATE=$2
ENDDATE=$3
CURRENTDATE=$STARTDATE
REGION=us-east-1
INPUTS3BUCKET=s3://xxx
OUTPUTS3BUCKET=s3://xxx
DBTABLE=データベース名.テーブル名

while [ 1 ] ; do

  CURRENTYEAR=`date -j -f "%Y-%m-%d" "$CURRENTDATE" "+%Y"`
  CURRENTMONTH=`date -j -f "%Y-%m-%d" "$CURRENTDATE" "+%m"`
  CURRENTDAY=`date -j -f "%Y-%m-%d" "$CURRENTDATE" "+%d"`

  if [ $METHOD = "create" ] ; then
    COMMAND="ALTER TABLE $DBTABLE ADD PARTITION (year='$CURRENTYEAR',month='$CURRENTMONTH',day='$CURRENTDAY') location '$INPUTS3BUCKET/$CURRENTYEAR/$CURRENTMONTH/$CURRENTDAY/'"
  elif [ $METHOD = "delete" ] ; then
    COMMAND="ALTER TABLE $DBTABLE DROP PARTITION (year='$CURRENTYEAR',month='$CURRENTMONTH',day='$CURRENTDAY');"
  else
    echo please input create or delete.
    exit 0
  fi

  aws --region $REGION athena start-query-execution --query-string "$COMMAND" --result-configuration OutputLocation=$OUTPUTS3BUCKET

  if [ $CURRENTDATE = $ENDDATE ] ; then
    break
  fi

  CURRENTDATE=`date -v+1d -j -f "%Y-%m-%d" "$CURRENTDATE" "+%Y-%m-%d"`
done
参考にさせてもらいました。
https://qiita.com/ssossan/items/6a4320b9e40af9a132c3