このページに使用されている画像はTeXclipで作成されたものです。
\draw
線をかくには次のように\path[draw]と\drawを用いた書き方があります。
下の2つは，ともに同じ図形をかきます。
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0)--(3,2);
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\path[draw] (0,0)--(3,2);
\end{tikzpicture}
\drawは\path[draw]を簡略化した命令です。以下では，\drawコマンドを用います。
2つの点を--でつなぐと，直線がかけます。
3点以上がつながった線
\begin{tikzpicture}
\path[draw] (0,0)--(3,2)--(4,0)--(5,4);
\end{document}
--でつながない場合
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\path[draw] (0,0)--(3,2) (4,0)--(5,4);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
閉じた線 cycleを用いると，始点と終点を結びます。
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\path[draw] (0,0)--(3,2) -- (4,0)--(5,4) --cycle;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
あくまで連結している点の始点と終点です。
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\path[draw] (0,0)--(3,2) (4,0)--(5,4) --cycle;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
--の部分を変えることで，いろいろな図形に変わります。
rectangle 長方形
対角の頂点を指定することで長方形を書きます。
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick] (0,0) rectangle (6,4);
\end{tikzpicture}
grid
rectangleと同じく，対角の頂点を指定することで長方形を書き，その中にグリッドをかきます。
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick] (0,0) grid (6,4);
\end{tikzpicture}
gridの幅を変えるオプションがあります。step, xstep, ystepで指定することができます。
step=0.5
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,step=.5] (0,0) grid (6,4);
\end{tikzpicture}
xstep=0.5
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,xstep=.5] (0,0) grid (6,4);
\end{tikzpicture}
xstep=0.5,ystep=0.7
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,xstep=.5,ystep=.7] (0,0) grid (6,4);
\end{tikzpicture}
デフォルトの状態では，座標が整数値のグリッド線がかかれます。
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick] (-0.5,-0.5) grid (6.5,4.5);
\fill (0,0) circle (2pt);
\node[above right] at (0,0){(0,0)};
\end{tikzpicture}
stepで幅を調整した場合は，必ず原点を通り，stepの整数倍の位置にグリッド線がかかれます。
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick] (-0.5,-0.5) grid[xstep=0.7,ystep=1.2] (6.5,4.5);
\fill (0,0) circle (2pt);
\node[above right] at (0,0){(0,0)};
\end{tikzpicture}
\drawのオプションhelp linesを入れることで，よりグリッド感が増します。
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,help lines] (0,0) grid (6,4);
\end{tikzpicture}
タテ・ヨコの線 |-
タテ・ヨコ
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick] (0,0) |- (6,2);
\end{tikzpicture}
ヨコ・タテ
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick] (0,0) -| (6,2);
\end{tikzpicture}
円 cicle
(座標) cicrcle (半径)と書きます。(座標)は円の中心になります。
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick] (0,0) circle (3cm);
\end{tikzpicture}
楕円
cicrcleとおなじ要領で書きます。楕円の場合は半径を2つ指定します。
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick] (3,0) ellipse [x radius = 2, y radius = 1];
\draw[very thick] (8,0) ellipse [x radius = 2, y radius = 1,rotate=35];
\draw[very thick] (12,0) circle [x radius = 2, y radius = 1, rotate = 35];
\end{tikzpicture}
楕円はcircleでもかくことができます。半径を2つ指定することで楕円になります。次の文は同じ図形になります。
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick] (3,0) circle [x radius = 2, y radius = 1];
\draw[very thick] (8,0) circle (2 and 1);
\end{tikzpicture}
少し曲げるto
線を少し曲げたい場合は，--のかわりにtoを用いて，オプションに[bend left]
または，[bend right]をつけます。
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,dashed] (0,0) -- (5,0);
\draw[very thick] (0,0) to[bend left] (5,0);
\node[below right] at (0,0) {bend left};
\draw[very thick,dashed] (6,0) -- (11,0);
\draw[very thick] (6,0) to[bend right] (11,0);
\node[above right] at (6,0) {bend right};
\end{tikzpicture}
bend leftは，線の進行方向に対して左よりに曲がり，bend rightはその逆です。
曲がりぐあい（直線からの離れ具合）を数値で指定できます。
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,dashed] (0,0) -- (5,0);
\draw[very thick] (0,0) to[bend left = 15] (5,0);
\node[below right] at (0,0) {bend left = 15};
\draw[very thick,dashed] (6,0) -- (11,0);
\draw[very thick] (6,0) to[bend left=25] (11,0);
\node[below right] at (6,0) {bend left=25};
\end{tikzpicture}
\drawのオプション
太さ：line width
色：color
透明度：opacity
形状
矢印：arrows
角：rounded corners
線の端点の形状：line cap
結合部分の形状：line join
などが設定できます。
\draw[オプション]と[ ]で指定します。複数のオプションを指定する場合は，
\draw[オプション,オプション,...]
のように『 , 』を用いて区切ります。
太さ
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[ultra thin] (0,3) -- (5,3) node[right] {ultra thin};
\draw[very thin] (0,2) -- (5,2) node[right] {very thin};
\draw[thin] (0,1) -- (5,1) node[right] {thin};
\draw (0,0) -- (5,0) node[right] {plain};
\draw[thick] (0,-1) -- (5,-1) node[right] {thick};
\draw[very thick] (0,-2) -- (5,-2) node[right] {very thick};
\draw[ultra thick] (0,-3) -- (5,-3) node[right] {ultra thick};
\end{tikzpicture}
手動で太さを設定したい場合は次のように書きます。
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=2pt] (0,3) -- (5,3) node[right] {2pt};
\draw[line width=4pt] (0,2) -- (5,2) node[right] {4pt};
\draw[line width=10pt] (0,1) -- (5,1) node[right] {10pt};
\end{tikzpicture}
色
線の色を設定できます。ここであげた色の設定は，塗りつぶしの\fillでも使用できます。color=`は省略できます。
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[color=blue] (0,1) -- (5,1);
\end{tikzpicture}
使用できる色です。
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=4pt,red] (0,1) -- (5,1) node[right] {red};
\draw[line width=4pt,blue] (0,0) -- (5,0) node[right] {blue};
\draw[line width=4pt,green] (0,-1) -- (5,-1) node[right] {green};
\draw[line width=4pt,yellow] (0,-2) -- (5,-2) node[right] {yellow};
\draw[line width=4pt,magenta] (0,-3) -- (5,-3) node[right] {magenta};
\draw[line width=4pt,cyan] (0,-4) -- (5,-4) node[right] {cyan};
\draw[line width=4pt,gray] (0,-5) -- (5,-5) node[right] {black};
\draw[line width=4pt,white] (0,-6) -- (5,-6) node[black,right] {white};
\draw[line width=4pt,gray] (0,-7) -- (5,-7) node[right] {gray};
\draw[line width=4pt,darkgray] (0,-8) -- (5,-8) node[right] {darkgray};
\draw[line width=4pt,lightgray] (0,-9) -- (5,-9) node[right] {lightgray};
\draw[line width=4pt,olive] (0,-10) -- (5,-10) node[right] {olive};
\draw[line width=4pt,brown] (0,-11) -- (5,-11) node[right] {brown};
\draw[line width=4pt,orange] (0,-12) -- (5,-12) node[right] {orange};
\draw[line width=4pt,lime] (0,-13) -- (5,-13) node[right] {lime};
\draw[line width=4pt,teal] (0,-14) -- (5,-14) node[right] {teal};
\draw[line width=4pt,violet] (0,-15) -- (5,-15) node[right] {violet};
\draw[line width=4pt,purple] (0,-16) -- (5,-16) node[right] {purple};
\draw[line width=4pt,pink] (0,-17) -- (5,-17) node[right] {pink};
\end{tikzpicture}
色を混ぜる
blue!数値!greenとすると，左の色を数値のパーセントで
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[left] at (0,1){blue!100!green};
\draw[line width=4pt,blue!100!green] (0,1) -- (5,1) node[black,right] {blue100\%, green0\%};
\node[left] at (0,0){blue!90!green};
\draw[line width=4pt,blue!90!green] (0,0) -- (5,0) node[black,right] {blue90\%, green10\%};
\node[left] at (0,-1){blue!80!green};
\draw[line width=4pt,blue!80!green] (0,-1) -- (5,-1) node[black,right] {blue80\%, green0\%};
\node[left] at (0,-2){blue!70!green};
\draw[line width=4pt,blue!70!green] (0,-2) -- (5,-2) node[black,right] {blue70\%, green0\%};
\node[left] at (0,-3){blue!60!green};
\draw[line width=4pt,blue!60!green] (0,-3) -- (5,-3) node[black,right] {blue60\%, green0\%};
\node[left] at (0,-4){blue!50!green};
\draw[line width=4pt,blue!50!green] (0,-4) -- (5,-4) node[black,right] {blue50\%, green0\%};
\node[left] at (0,-5){blue!40!green};
\draw[line width=4pt,blue!40!green] (0,-5) -- (5,-5) node[black,right] {blue40\%, green0\%};
\node[left] at (0,-6){blue!30!green};
\draw[line width=4pt,blue!30!green] (0,-6) -- (5,-6) node[black,right] {blue30\%, green0\%};
\node[left] at (0,-7){blue!20!green};
\draw[line width=4pt,blue!20!green] (0,-7) -- (5,-7) node[black,right] {blue20\%, green0\%};
\node[left] at (0,-8){blue!10!green};
\draw[line width=4pt,blue!10!green] (0,-8) -- (5,-8) node[black,right] {blue10\%, green0\%};
\node[left] at (0,-9){blue!0!green};
\draw[line width=4pt,blue!0!green] (0,-9) -- (5,-9) node[black,right] {blue0\%, green0\%};
\end{tikzpicture}
透明度
opacityで透明度（不透明度）を指定することができます。0～1までの実数を用いて表します。1：不透明，0：透明を表す。透明なので，下にある青が見えています。
\begin{tikzpicture}
\fill[blue] (2.5,1.5) rectangle (5.5,-9.5);
\node[left] at (0,1){opacity=1};
\draw[line width=4pt,opacity=1] (0,1) -- (5,1);
\node[left] at (0,0){opacity=0.9};
\draw[line width=4pt,opacity=0.9] (0,0) -- (5,0);
\node[left] at (0,-1){opacity=0.8};
\draw[line width=4pt,opacity=0.8] (0,-1) -- (5,-1);
\node[left] at (0,-2){opacity=0.7};
\draw[line width=4pt,opacity=0.7] (0,-2) -- (5,-2);
\node[left] at (0,-3){opacity=0.6};
\draw[line width=4pt,opacity=0.6] (0,-3) -- (5,-3);
\node[left] at (0,-4){opacity=0.5};
\draw[line width=4pt,opacity=0.5] (0,-4) -- (5,-4);
\node[left] at (0,-5){opacity=0.4};
\draw[line width=4pt,opacity=0.4] (0,-5) -- (5,-5);
\node[left] at (0,-6){opacity=0.3};
\draw[line width=4pt,opacity=0.3] (0,-6) -- (5,-6);
\node[left] at (0,-7){opacity=0.2};
\draw[line width=4pt,opacity=0.2] (0,-7) -- (5,-7);
\node[left] at (0,-8){opacity=0.1};
\draw[line width=4pt,opacity=0.1] (0,-8) -- (5,-8);
\node[left] at (0,-9){opacity=0};
\draw[line width=4pt,opacity=0] (0,-9) -- (5,-9);
\end{tikzpicture}
線の種類
線の種類は以下の通りです。デフォルトではsolidに設定されています。
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[thick,solid] (0,2) -- (5,2) node[right] {solid};
\draw[thick,dashed] (0,1) -- (5,1) node[right] {dashed};
\draw[thick,dotted] (0,0) -- (5,0) node[right] {dotted};
\draw[thick,dash dot] (0,-1) -- (5,-1) node[right] {dash dot};
\draw[thick,dash dot dot] (0,-2) -- (5,-2) node[right] {dash dot dot};
\draw[thick,dash dot dot] (0,-3) -- (5,-3) node[right] {dash dot dot dot};
\draw[thick,double] (0,-4) -- (5,-4) node[right] {double};
\end{tikzpicture}
dotを4つ以上つけるとエラーが出ます。
loosely, denselyで間隔が調整できます。
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[thick,loosely dashed] (0,1) -- (5,1) node[right] {loosely dashed};
\draw[thick,dashed] (0,0) -- (5,0) node[right] {dashed};
\draw[thick,densely dashed] (0,-1) -- (5,-1) node[right] {densely dashed};
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[thick,loosely dotted] (0,1) -- (5,1) node[right] {loosely dotted};
\draw[thick,dotted] (0,0) -- (5,0) node[right] {dotted};
\draw[thick,densely dotted] (0,-1) -- (5,-1) node[right] {densely dotted};
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[thick,loosely dash dot] (0,1) -- (5,1) node[right] {loosely dash dot};
\draw[thick,dash dot] (0,0) -- (5,0) node[right] {dash dot};
\draw[thick,densely dash dot] (0,-1) -- (5,-1) node[right] {densely dash dot};
\end{tikzpicture}
dotは3個以上では変わらないみたい。
矢印 端点の形状arrows
atrrows=->のようにすると矢印がかけます。arrowsは省略できます。始点と終点に矢印をつけることができます。
線の太さによる違い
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[arrows=->] (0,1) -- (5,1) node[right] {\verb|->|};
\draw[thick, ->] (0,0) -- (5,0) node[right] {\verb|->|};
\draw[very thick,->] (0,-1) -- (5,-1) node[right]{\verb|->|};
\draw[ultra thick,->] (0,-2) -- (5,-2)node[right]{\verb|->|};
\end{tikzpicture}
形状
normal
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,->] (0,1) -- (5,1) node[right] {\verb|->|};
\draw[very thick, <-] (0,0) -- (5,0) node[right] {\verb|<-|};
\draw[very thick,<->] (0,-1) -- (5,-1) node[right]{\verb|<->|};
\end{tikzpicture}
2重
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,->>] (0,1) -- (5,1) node[right] {\verb|->>|};
\draw[very thick, <<-] (0,0) -- (5,0) node[right] {\verb|<<-|};
\draw[very thick,<<->>] (0,-1) -- (5,-1) node[right]{\verb|<<->>|};
\end{tikzpicture}
逆向き
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,-<] (0,1) -- (5,1) node[right] {\verb|-<|};
\draw[very thick, >-] (0,0) -- (5,0) node[right] {\verb|>-|};
\draw[very thick,>-<] (0,-1) -- (5,-1) node[right]{\verb|>-<|};
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,-<<] (0,1) -- (5,1) node[right] {\verb|-<<|};
\draw[very thick, >>-] (0,0) -- (5,0) node[right] {\verb|>>-|};
\draw[very thick,>>-<<] (0,-1) -- (5,-1) node[right]{\verb|>>-<<|};
\end{tikzpicture}
latex
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,-latex] (0,1) -- (5,1) node[right] {\verb|-latex|};
\draw[very thick, latex-] (0,0) -- (5,0) node[right] {\verb|latex-|};
\draw[very thick,latex-latex] (0,-1) -- (5,-1) node[right]{\verb|latex-latex|};
\end{tikzpicture}
stealth
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,-stealth] (0,1) -- (5,1) node[right] {\verb|-stealth|};
\draw[very thick, stealth-] (0,0) -- (5,0) node[right] {\verb|stealth-|};
\draw[very thick,stealth-stealth] (0,-1) -- (5,-1) node[right]{\verb|stealth-stealth|};
\end{tikzpicture}
矢印の先端にはオプションで色を付けることができます。
オプションに書くとき，{latex[red]}のように中カッコをつける必要があります。
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,-{>[red]}] (0,1) -- (5,1) node[right] {\verb|-{>[red]}|};
\draw[very thick, -{>>[red]}] (0,0) -- (5,0) node[right] {\verb|-{>>[red]}|};
\draw[very thick,-{<[red]}] (0,-1) -- (5,-1) node[right]{\verb|-{<[red]}|};
\draw[very thick,-{<<[red]}] (0,-2) -- (5,-2) node[right]{\verb|-{<<[red]}|};
\draw[very thick,-{latex[red]}] (0,-3) -- (5,-3) node[right]{\verb|-{latex[red]}|};
\draw[very thick,-{stealth[red]}] (0,-4) -- (5,-4) node[right]{\verb|-{stealth[red]}|};
\end{tikzpicture}
latex,stealthの矢じりを逆向きにすることができます。
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,-{latex[reversed]}] (0,1) -- (5,1) node[right] {\verb|-{latex[reversed]}|};
\draw[very thick, -{stealth[reversed]}] (0,0) -- (5,0) node[right] {\verb|-{stealth[reversed]}|};
\end{tikzpicture}
角rounded corners
角の部分を丸くします。
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[very thick,rounded corners = 5pt] (0,0) -- (2,2) -- (3,0) ;
\draw[very thick,rounded corners = 20pt] (4,0) -- (6,2) -- (7,0) ;
\end{tikzpicture}
線の端点の形状：line cap
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=6pt] (0,0) -- (2,2) -- (3,0) ;
\draw[line width=6pt,line cap=butt] (4,0) -- (6,2) -- (7,0) ;
\draw[line width=6pt, line cap=rect] (8,0) -- (10,2) -- (11,0) ;
\draw[line width=6pt, line cap=round] (12,0) -- (14,2) -- (15,0) ;
\end{tikzpicture}
線の結合部分の形状
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=6pt] (0,0) -- (2,2) -- (3,0) ;
\draw[line width=6pt,line join=miter] (4,0) -- (6,2) -- (7,0) ;
\draw[line width=6pt, line join=round] (8,0) -- (10,2) -- (11,0) ;
\draw[line width=6pt, line join=bevel] (12,0) -- (14,2) -- (15,0) ;
\end{tikzpicture}
