問題
先日、Twitterに以下の投稿をしました。
本日のパズル。さてどうなるか。
— fukushiw (@fukushiw) 2016年11月8日
System.out.println("(1<<31)<<1=" + ((1<<31)<<1));
System.out.println(" 1<<32 =" + (1<<32) );
この答え、実際に実行せずに分かりますでしょうか?
・
・
・
解答
まずは javap -v の結果から
C:\TEMP>javap -v ShiftTest
Classfile /C:/TEMP/ShiftTest.class
Last modified 2016/11/08; size 454 bytes
MD5 checksum 644670dc34f923a57cd1ee900e33c5f0
Compiled from "ShiftTest.java"
public class ShiftTest
minor version: 0
major version: 52
flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER
Constant pool:
#1 = Methodref #7.#16 // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
#2 = Fieldref #17.#18 // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/Print
Stream;
#3 = String #19 // (1<<31)<<1=0
#4 = Methodref #20.#21 // java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/
lang/String;)V
#5 = String #22 // 1<<32 =1
#6 = Class #23 // ShiftTest
#7 = Class #24 // java/lang/Object
#8 = Utf8 <init>
#9 = Utf8 ()V
#10 = Utf8 Code
#11 = Utf8 LineNumberTable
#12 = Utf8 main
#13 = Utf8 ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
#14 = Utf8 SourceFile
#15 = Utf8 ShiftTest.java
#16 = NameAndType #8:#9 // "<init>":()V
#17 = Class #25 // java/lang/System
#18 = NameAndType #26:#27 // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
#19 = Utf8 (1<<31)<<1=0
#20 = Class #28 // java/io/PrintStream
#21 = NameAndType #29:#30 // println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
#22 = Utf8 1<<32 =1
#23 = Utf8 ShiftTest
#24 = Utf8 java/lang/Object
#25 = Utf8 java/lang/System
#26 = Utf8 out
#27 = Utf8 Ljava/io/PrintStream;
#28 = Utf8 java/io/PrintStream
#29 = Utf8 println
#30 = Utf8 (Ljava/lang/String;)V
{
public ShiftTest();
descriptor: ()V
flags: ACC_PUBLIC
Code:
stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1
0: aload_0
1: invokespecial #1 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>
":()V
4: return
LineNumberTable:
line 4: 0
public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
Code:
stack=2, locals=1, args_size=1
0: getstatic #2 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljav
a/io/PrintStream;
3: ldc #3 // String (1<<31)<<1=0
5: invokevirtual #4 // Method java/io/PrintStream.prin
tln:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
8: getstatic #2 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljav
a/io/PrintStream;
11: ldc #5 // String 1<<32 =1
13: invokevirtual #4 // Method java/io/PrintStream.prin
tln:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
16: return
LineNumberTable:
line 18: 0
line 19: 8
line 20: 16
}
SourceFile: "ShiftTest.java"
はい。答えは書いてありますね。
- (1<<31)<<1=0
- 1<<32 =1
なのです。
1<<32=1
なのはなぜか?
言語仕様に書いてあります。
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se8/html/jls-15.html#jls-15.19
If the promoted type of the left-hand operand is int, then only the five lowest-order bits of the right-hand operand are used as the shift distance.
つまり下5ビットしかみていないので、31が最大。32は0として扱われているので、 1<<32 = 1<<0 = 1
ということ。
言語仕様を読んでみよう
そこには新たな発見があるはず!
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/