tl;dr

大体はダウンロードしたJarが壊れているっぽいので、展開できないことによる。
ダウンロードしなおすのが一番。

発生タイミングと対処

通常のJavaプロジェクト

発生タイミング
- Jarファイルをビルド・パスに追加した後に起きるはず
対処
- ビルドパスに追加したJarをダウンロードしなおして、再度入れ直す

Mavenプロジェクト

発生タイミング
- <dependency>追加したダウンロードした後に起きるはず
対処
- Windowsなら%USERPROFILE%\.m2に移動し、repositoryディレクトリを削除する
- Linux等なら、$HOME/.m2でしょうか

現象(例)

例: Eclipseでコード保存時にエラーが出る

以下、Eclipseの「エラー・ログ」ビューから。

例: JDTでTomcatが起動できない

以下、Eclipseの「コンソール」ビューから。

重大: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.JarResourceSet@16aa0a0a]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:949)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:839)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1427)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1417)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
	at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(Unknown Source)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:943)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:258)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:422)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:770)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:682)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:350)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:492)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.JarResourceSet@16aa0a0a]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.handleSubClassException(LifecycleBase.java:441)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:139)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:173)
	at org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot.startInternal(StandardRoot.java:724)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.resourcesStart(StandardContext.java:4742)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:4877)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1427)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1417)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
	at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(Unknown Source)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:943)
	... 21 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.util.zip.ZipException: invalid LOC header (bad signature)
	at org.apache.catalina.webresources.AbstractSingleArchiveResourceSet.initInternal(AbstractSingleArchiveResourceSet.java:143)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:136)
	... 33 more
Caused by: java.util.zip.ZipException: invalid LOC header (bad signature)
	at java.util.zip.ZipFile.read(Native Method)
	at java.util.zip.ZipFile.access$1400(Unknown Source)
	at java.util.zip.ZipFile$ZipFileInputStream.read(Unknown Source)
	at java.util.zip.ZipFile$ZipFileInflaterInputStream.fill(Unknown Source)
	at java.util.zip.InflaterInputStream.read(Unknown Source)
	at sun.misc.IOUtils.readFully(Unknown Source)
	at java.util.jar.JarFile.getBytes(Unknown Source)
	at java.util.jar.JarFile.getManifestFromReference(Unknown Source)
	at java.util.jar.JarFile.getManifest(Unknown Source)
	at org.apache.catalina.webresources.AbstractSingleArchiveResourceSet.initInternal(AbstractSingleArchiveResourceSet.java:141)
	... 34 more

愚痴

チェックサムをチェックせずにただ再計算して送ってる機器があるんだろうなぁ。