4
3

Delete article

Deleted articles cannot be recovered.

Draft of this article would be also deleted.

Are you sure you want to delete this article?

More than 5 years have passed since last update.

ハフマン符号化の実装

Last updated at Posted at 2019-02-12

C++を思い出しながらハフマン木のプログラムを書いてみた (ソース: Wikipedia)
メモリ管理周りがあまり自信がない... (所要時間60分)

  • ハフマン木構築 (make_huffman_tree) は文字頻度を格納した配列を受け取り,ハフマン木を構築する
  • ハフマン木の構築は,初期状態ではすべての文字がノード数1の別々の木となっている状態からスタートして頻度が低い2つの木をマージしていくことで得られる.マージされた木の頻度は2つの木の頻度の合計.
    • このマージの回数は常にアルファベット数-1回となる
  • 頻度の低い木を求めるところで下記のコードでは std::sort を使っているけど,本来なら priority_queue を使うべきだった
  • 追記 (2/18) : priority_queue で書き直した

コード

[binary_tree.hpp]

#pragma once
#include <iostream>

struct BinaryTree {
  int id;
  BinaryTree *left;
  BinaryTree *right;
  BinaryTree *parent;
  BinaryTree() : left(nullptr), right(nullptr), parent(nullptr) {}
  //BinaryTree() : left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
  BinaryTree(BinaryTree *_left, BinaryTree *_right) : left(_left), right(_right), parent(nullptr) {
    left->parent = this;
    right->parent = this;
  }
  //BinaryTree(BinaryTree *_left, BinaryTree *_right) : left(_left), right(_right) {}
  ~BinaryTree(){
    //std::cerr << "destructor called" << std::endl;
    delete left; delete right;
  }
  BinaryTree* add_left(){
    if(left != nullptr){
      left = new BinaryTree;
      left->parent = this;
    }
    return left;
  }
  BinaryTree* add_right(){
    if(right != nullptr){
      right = new BinaryTree;
      right->parent = this;
    }
    return right;
  }
  size_t size() const {
    size_t n=1;
    if(left) n += left->size();
    if(right) n += right->size();
    return n;
  }
  bool is_leaf() const {
    return (left==nullptr) && (right==nullptr);
  }
  size_t leaf_size() const {
    size_t n=0;
    if(this->is_leaf()) return 1;
    else {
      if(left) n += left->leaf_size();
      if(right) n += right->leaf_size();
    }
    return n;
  }
};

[huffman.hpp]

#pragma once

#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <queue>

#include "binary_tree.hpp"

using namespace std;

struct HuffmanTree : public BinaryTree {
  int freq;
  int term_id;
  bool label;   // flag for storing parent's label (0/1)
  HuffmanTree(){};
  HuffmanTree(HuffmanTree *left, HuffmanTree *right)
    : BinaryTree(left, right), freq(left->freq+right->freq)
  {left->label = false; right->label = true;}
  ~HuffmanTree(){}
  string huffcode_as_string() const {
    if(this->parent==nullptr) return "";
    else if(label) return static_cast<HuffmanTree*>(this->parent)->huffcode_as_string() + "1";
    else           return static_cast<HuffmanTree*>(this->parent)->huffcode_as_string() + "0";
  }
  vector<bool> huffcode() const {
    string huffcode_str = huffcode_as_string();
    vector<bool> code; code.resize(huffcode_str.size());
    for(int i=0;i<code.size();++i){
      if(huffcode_str[i] == '0')
        code[i] = false;
      else
        code[i] = true;
    }
    return code;
  }
};

struct HuffmanCoder {
  HuffmanTree *root;
  vector<HuffmanTree*> term2node;
  vector<vector<bool>> term2code;
  HuffmanCoder(HuffmanTree *root_) : root(root_) {
    int nleaf = root->leaf_size();
    term2node.resize(nleaf, nullptr);
    term2code.resize(nleaf);
    run_leaf(root);

    for(int i=0; i<nleaf; ++i){
      term2code[i] = term2node[i]->huffcode();  // store huffman code as vector<bool>
    }
  }

  vector<bool> encode(const vector<int> &x) const {
    vector<bool> bitseq;
    for(int xi : x){
      for(bool bi : term2code[xi])
        bitseq.push_back(bi);
    }
    return bitseq;
  }

  vector<int> decode(const vector<bool> &code) const {
    vector<int> str;
    HuffmanTree *node = this->root;
    for(int i=0; i<code.size(); ++i){
      if(!code[i]){
        if(node->left==nullptr) throw "Invalid code";
        if(node->left->is_leaf()){
          str.push_back(static_cast<HuffmanTree*>(node->left)->term_id);
          node = this->root;
        } else {
          node = static_cast<HuffmanTree*>(node->left);
        }
      } else {
        if(node->right==nullptr) throw "Invalid code";
        if(node->right->is_leaf()){
          str.push_back(static_cast<HuffmanTree*>(node->right)->term_id);
          node = this->root;
        } else {
          node = static_cast<HuffmanTree*>(node->right);
        }
      }
    }
    return str;
  }

private:
  void run_leaf(HuffmanTree *node){
    if(node->is_leaf()){
      term2node[node->term_id] = node;
    } else {
      if(node->left) run_leaf(static_cast<HuffmanTree*>(node->left));
      if(node->right) run_leaf(static_cast<HuffmanTree*>(node->right));
    }
  }
};


HuffmanTree* make_huffman_tree(const vector<int> &frequency){
  size_t n = frequency.size();

  auto comp = [](const HuffmanTree* a, const HuffmanTree* b){return a->freq < b->freq; };

  priority_queue<HuffmanTree*, vector<HuffmanTree*>, decltype(comp)> nodes(comp);

  for(int w=0; w<n; w++){
    auto node = new HuffmanTree;
    node->freq = frequency[w];
    node->term_id = w;
    nodes.push(node);
  }

  HuffmanTree *root;
  for(int i=0; i<n-1; ++i){
    auto n1 = nodes.top(); nodes.pop();
    auto n2 = nodes.top(); nodes.pop();
    root = new HuffmanTree(n1, n2);  // merge the least and 2nd least trees
    root->term_id = -1;
    nodes.push(root);
  }
  return root;
}

[main.cpp]

#include "huffman.hpp"
#include <memory>

string bin2string(const vector<bool> &b){
  string s;
  for(int i=0; i<b.size(); ++i){
    if(b[i]) s += '1';
    else     s += '0';
  }
  return s;
}

int main(){
  //vector<int> f = {100, 20, 83, 2, 10};
  vector<int> f = {5, 3, 2, 1, 1};
  auto ht_root = shared_ptr<HuffmanTree>(make_huffman_tree(f));
  auto coder = HuffmanCoder(ht_root.get());

  for(int i=0; i<coder.term2node.size(); ++i){
    auto huffcode = bin2string(coder.term2node[i]->huffcode());
    cout << i << "\t"
         << coder.term2node[i]->freq << "\t"
         << huffcode
         << endl;
  }

  vector<int> s = {0, 1, 2, 0};
  vector<bool> s_comp = coder.encode(s);
  for(auto xi : s) cout << xi << " ";
  cout << endl;
  cout << bin2string(s_comp) << endl;

  auto s2 = coder.decode(s_comp);
  for(auto xi : s2) cout << xi << " ";
  cout << endl;
  

}

実行結果

Wikipedia の例と同様の長さの符号が得られた.また,エンコードしたビット列をデコードしたらもとの入力に一致した.

0       5       0
1       3       10
2       2       111
3       1       1101
4       1       1100
input:   0 1 2 0
encoded: 0101110
decoded: 0 1 2 0
4
3
0

Register as a new user and use Qiita more conveniently

  1. You get articles that match your needs
  2. You can efficiently read back useful information
  3. You can use dark theme
What you can do with signing up
4
3

Delete article

Deleted articles cannot be recovered.

Draft of this article would be also deleted.

Are you sure you want to delete this article?