0
0

Delete article

Deleted articles cannot be recovered.

Draft of this article would be also deleted.

Are you sure you want to delete this article?

化学と物理の基本公式まとめ(pH, 電離度, 波動関数, 反応速度)

Posted at

1. 🔬 水素原子の波動関数(量子化学)

水素原子の基底状態(n=1, 1s軌道)における波動関数は以下の通り:

\psi(r) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\pi a_0^3}} e^{-r / a_0}
  • $a_0 = 0.053 , \text{nm}$(ボーア半径)
  • 確率密度(存在確率 × 球殻面積):
P(r) = 4\pi r^2 |\psi(r)|^2

2. 🧪 pHと水のイオン積

● pHの定義:

\text{pH} = -\log_{10}[H^+]

● 水のイオン積(Kw):

K_w = [H^+][OH^-] = 1.0 \times 10^{-14} \quad (\text{at } 25^\circ C)

● pHとpOHの関係:

\text{pH} + \text{pOH} = 14

3. 🧪 酸の電離と電離度

● 酢酸などの弱酸の電離定数(Ka):

K_a = \frac{[CH_3COO^-][H^+]}{[CH_3COOH]}

● 電離度 α と濃度 c の関係式(近似):

\alpha = \sqrt{\frac{K_a}{c}}, \quad [H^+] = c\alpha = \sqrt{K_a c}

※ 濃度 $c$ が小さくなる(希釈される)と、電離度 $\alpha$ は大きくなる。


4. ⏱️ 一次反応の速度論(反応速度式)

● 微分形(一次反応):

\frac{d[A]}{dt} = -k[A]

● 積分形(濃度と時間の関係):

[A] = [A]_0 e^{-kt}

● 対数形(直線グラフに変換):

\log_{10} \left( \frac{[A]}{[A]_0} \right) = - \frac{k}{2.303} t

● 半減期(half-life):

t_{1/2} = \frac{\log 2}{k} \approx \frac{0.693}{k}
0
0
0

Register as a new user and use Qiita more conveniently

  1. You get articles that match your needs
  2. You can efficiently read back useful information
  3. You can use dark theme
What you can do with signing up
0
0

Delete article

Deleted articles cannot be recovered.

Draft of this article would be also deleted.

Are you sure you want to delete this article?