For positive triplet (n,x,y), n/(x*y)==n/x/y even in integer division

For positive triplet (n,x,y), n/(x*y)==n/x/y even in integer division.
This should be useful to avoid overflow.
Let's prove this below.

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if n.divmod(xy) is (a,b), n can be represented as:

n=axy+b (0<=b<xy)

On the other hand, if n.divmod(x) is (c,d) and c.divmod(y) is (e,f), n can be represented as:

n=cx+d (0<=d<x)
c=ey+f (0<=f<y)
n=x(ey+f)+d=exy+xf+d

Now suppose d is x-1 and f is y-1. Then xf+d becomes x(y-1)+x-1=xy-1 (<xy).
This means 0<=xf+d<xy and a(==n/(x*y))==e(==n/x/y) has been proved.
Also, in n/(x*y), x and y are exchangable. So n/x/y == n/y/x. (Q.E.D.)

検索用：自然数の3つ組(n,x,y)に対してn/(x*y)==n/x/yは整数除算でも常に成立しますので、オーバーフローを避けるのに役立つでしょう。

170513

Actually this lemma is used for icbrt (integer cubic-root) used in http://qiita.com/cielavenir/items/2a685d3080862f2c2c47 .

180127

For fear, I confirmed small case...

#!/usr/bin/ruby
(1..10000).each{|n|
    (1..100).each{|x|
        (1..100).each{|y|
            r0=n/(x*y)
            r1=n/x/y
            r2=n/y/x
            if r0!=r1 || r1!=r2
                raise [n,x,y].join(',')
            end
        }
    }
}

https://qiita.com/cielavenir/items/d419b448d1c65eae2868 is another example where this lemma is useful.