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Dependency Injectionをdjangoプロジェクトに導入してみる

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DIとは

  • Dependency Injectionの略称
  • 日本語:依存性注入
  • DIとは、プログラミングにおけるデザインパターン(設計思想)の一種で、オブジェクトを成立させるために必要となるコードを実行時に注入(Inject)してゆくという概念のことである。

python用DIライブラリ

導入してみる

コンポーネント構成

DI_component.drawio.png

ファイル構成

./
├── example/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── containers.py
│   ├── controller.py
│   └── api_view.py
├── datalayer.py
├── awslayer.py
├── config.ini
└── requirements.txt

コンテナー作成

"""Containers module."""

import logging.config
import sqlite3

import boto3
from dependency_injector import containers, providers
from . import Controller


class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

    config = providers.Configuration(ini_files=["config.ini"])

    # Gateways

    database_client = providers.Singleton(
        sqlite3.connect,
        config.database.dsn,
    )

    aws_s3_client = providers.Singleton(
        boto3.client,
        service_name="s3",
        aws_access_key_id=config.aws.access_key_id,
        aws_secret_access_key=config.aws.secret_access_key,
    )

    controller = providers.Factory(
        Controller,
        db = database_client,
        s3 = aws_s3_client
    )

コンテナー利用

api_view.py
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from containers.py import Container

class Contents(APIView):
    def get(self, request, **kwargs):
        user = kwargs["user"]
        container = Container()
        content_controller = container.controller()
        # userのコンテンツを取得
        contents = content_controller.get_contents(user)
        return Response(contents)

DI導入後の構成図

DI_component.drawio2.png

単体テストを書く

api_view.py
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from controller.py import Controller

class Contents(APIView):
    def get(self, request, **kwargs):
        user = kwargs["user"]

        content_controller = controller()
        # userのコンテンツを取得
        contents = content_controller.get_contents(user)
        return Response(contents)

  • DI導入前のコードに対して、content_controller = controller()をmockすることがとても難しい
  • DI導入後は、controllerをoverrideしてmockすることが簡単
test_api_view.py
def test_view_get():
    container = Container()
    with container.controller.override(controller_mock):
        api_view = Contents()
        api_view.get()

課題

  • container作成する時に、全てのconfig導入
  • AWS Parameter Storeと環境変数と合わせて、config導入
  • マルチコンテナー構成
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