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【微分積分】導関数の定義

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定義

$y = f(x)$, $x=a$における微分係数(変化量)は次の式で定義される。
※変数はaからa+hまで変化

f'(a) = \lim_{h \to 0}\frac{f(a+h)-f(a)}{h}

例: $f(x) = x^2$の場合

xの変化量は

(a + h) - a = h

yの変化量は

(a + h)^2 - a^2 = 2ah + h^2

なので、式に当てはめると

\lim_{h \to 0}\frac{2ah + h^2}{h} = \lim_{h \to 0}{2a + h}

よって変化率は2a、これを変数xとし、

微分係数:f'(x) = 2x

となる。

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