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@S-Shinzi

ccna取得に向けてCiscoPacketTracerで構築練習　~VLAN~

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はじめに

CCNAを受験するにあたって、実際にコマンドを打って構築をすることが大切らしい。
Cisco Packet Tracerを使用して構築の練習とその流れ、結果を示して、気づいたことなどをまとめていこうと思う。

目標

  • catalyst上にVLANを作成
  • VTPで複数の複数のswitchを使ったVLANネットワークを構築
  • ルータを使用したVLAN間ルーティングを実装
  • L3スイッチを使用したVLANネットワークを構築

実践

1.catalystでVLANを作る

catalyst一台のシンプルな構成を作る。
VLAN-1-1.png

Switch0
Switch0(config)#vlan 2
Switch0(config-vlan)#exit
Switch0(config)#vlan 3
Switch0(config-vlan)#exit

Switch0(config)#interface range fa 0/1-2
Switch0(config-if-range)#switchport mode access 
Switch0(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 2
Switch0(config-if-range)#exit
Switch0(config)#interface range fa 0/3-4
Switch0(config-if-range)#switchport mode access 
Switch0(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 3
Switch0(config-if-range)#exit
Switch0(config)#end

Switch0#show vlan brief 

VLAN Name                             Status    Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1    default                          active    Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
                                                Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
                                                Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
                                                Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
                                                Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24
                                                Gig0/1, Gig0/2
2    VLAN0002                         active    Fa0/1, Fa0/2
3    VLAN0003                         active    Fa0/3, Fa0/4
1002 fddi-default                     active    
1003 token-ring-default               active    
1004 fddinet-default                  active    
1005 trnet-default                    active
  • 疎通確認をする
    PC0からPC1にPingを打つ

Cisco Packet Tracer - E__Cisco Packet Tracer 8.2.2_saves_vlanSwitching-qiita.pkt 2024-05-20 21-28-00.gif

2. VTPの設定をしてもう一台switchをつなぐ

VLAN-2-1.png

Switch0
//VTP設定
Switch0(config)#vtp domain ccna
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to ccna
Switch0(config)#vtp mode ser
Switch0(config)#vtp mode server 
Device mode already VTP SERVER.
Switch0(config)#

//VLAN4作成
Switch0(config)#vlan 4
Switch0(config-vlan)#end

//VTP確認
Switch0#show vtp status 
VTP Version capable             : 1 to 2
VTP version running             : 1
VTP Domain Name                 : ccna
VTP Pruning Mode                : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation            : Disabled
Device ID                       : 0006.2ABB.C300
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 02:11:27
Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)

Feature VLAN : 
--------------
VTP Operating Mode                : Server
Maximum VLANs supported locally   : 255
Number of existing VLANs          : 8
Configuration Revision            : 1 //revisonが1になっている
MD5 digest                        : 0xD8 0xAC 0xCC 0x58 0xDE 0x74 0xE9 0x64 
                                    0xA6 0x88 0xAF 0x71 0x58 0xDE 0x59 0x70

//トランクポート作成
Switch0#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Switch0(config)#interface fa 0/24
Switch0(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Switch1
//VTP設定
Switch1(config)#vtp domain ccna
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to ccna
Switch1(config)#vtp mode client 
Setting device to VTP CLIENT mode.
Switch1(config)#end

Switch1#show vtp status 
VTP Version capable             : 1 to 2
VTP version running             : 1
VTP Domain Name                 : ccna
VTP Pruning Mode                : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation            : Disabled
Device ID                       : 0001.9738.0100
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 02:11:27

Feature VLAN : 
--------------
VTP Operating Mode                : Client
Maximum VLANs supported locally   : 255
Number of existing VLANs          : 8
Configuration Revision            : 1 //revisonが同期している
MD5 digest                        : 0xD8 0xAC 0xCC 0x58 0xDE 0x74 0xE9 0x64 
                                    0xA6 0x88 0xAF 0x71 0x58 0xDE 0x59 0x70 

//インターフェースの設定
Switch1#conf t
Switch1(config)#interface fa 0/1
Switch1(config-if)#switchport mode access 
Switch1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2
Switch1(config-if)#exit 
Switch1(config)#interface fa 0/2
Switch1(config-if)#switchport mode access 
Switch1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 3
Switch1(config-if)#exit 
Switch1(config)#interface fa 0/3
Switch1(config-if)#switchport mode access 
Switch1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 4
Switch1(config-if)#exit
  • 疎通確認をする
    PC2からPC5にPingを打つ

Cisco Packet Tracer - E__Cisco Packet Tracer 8.2.2_saves_vlanSwitching-qiita.pkt 2024-05-20 21-53-30.gif

3. ルータを使ったVLAN間ルーティング

Switch0にルータを繋いでVLAN間ルーティングができるようにする。
VLAN-3-1.png

Router0
//sub interfaceの作成
Router0(config)#interface gi 0/1.2
Router0(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 2
Router0(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
Router0(config-subif)#exit
Router0(config)#interface gi 0/1.3
Router0(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 3
Router0(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0
Router0(config-subif)#exit
Router0(config)#interface gi 0/1.4
Router0(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 4
Router0(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0
Router0(config-subif)#exit
Router0(config)#interface gi 0/1
Router0(config-if)#no shutdown
Router0(config)#end

Router0#show ip interface brief 
Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol 
GigabitEthernet0/0     unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down 
GigabitEthernet0/1     unassigned      YES unset  up                    up 
GigabitEthernet0/1.2   192.168.2.254   YES manual up                    up 
GigabitEthernet0/1.3   192.168.3.254   YES manual up                    up 
GigabitEthernet0/1.4   192.168.4.254   YES manual up                    up 
GigabitEthernet0/2     unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down 
Vlan1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
Switch0
//トランクポートの設定
Switch0(config)#interface gi 0/1
Switch0(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Switch0(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1Q
Switch0(config-if)#end

Switch0#show interfaces trunk
Port        Mode         Encapsulation  Status        Native vlan
Fa0/24      on           802.1q         trunking      1
Gig0/1      on           802.1q         trunking      1

Port        Vlans allowed on trunk
Fa0/24      1-1005
Gig0/1      1-1005

Port        Vlans allowed and active in management domain
Fa0/24      1,2,3,4
Gig0/1      1,2,3,4

Port        Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned
Fa0/24      1,2,3,4
Gig0/1      1,2,3,4
  • 疎通確認をする
    PC2からPC3にPingを打つ
    Cisco Packet Tracer - E__Cisco Packet Tracer 8.2.2_saves_vlanSwitching-qiita.pkt 2024-05-20 22-28-07.gif
    PC2からPC6にPingを打つ
    Cisco Packet Tracer - E__Cisco Packet Tracer 8.2.2_saves_vlanSwitching-qiita.pkt 2024-05-20 22-29-54.gif

4. L3スイッチを使ったVLAN間ルーティング

VLAN-4-1.png

L3Switch0
//VLAN作成
L3Switch0(config)#interface vlan 2
L3Switch0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
L3Switch0(config-if)#no shutdown 
L3Switch0(config-if)#exit
L3Switch0(config)#interface vlan 3
L3Switch0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0
L3Switch0(config-if)#no shutdown 
L3Switch0(config-if)#exit
L3Switch0(config)#interface vlan 4
L3Switch0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0
L3Switch0(config-if)#no shutdown 
L3Switch0(config-if)#exit
L3Switch0(config)#ip routing

//インターフェース設定
L3Switch0(config)#interface fa 0/1
L3Switch0(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q 
L3Switch0(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 2-4
L3Switch0(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
L3Switch0(config-if)#exit
L3Switch0(config)#interface fa 0/2
L3Switch0(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q 
L3Switch0(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 2-4
L3Switch0(config-if)#switchport mode trunk 
L3Switch0(config-if)#exit
L3Switch0(config)#
L3Switch0(config)#interface fa 0/10
L3Switch0(config-if)#switchport access vlan 4
L3Switch0(config-if)#switchport mode access 
L3Switch0(config-if)#exit
  • 疎通確認をする
    PC4からPC7へPing
    Cisco Packet Tracer - E__Cisco Packet Tracer 8.2.2_saves_vlanSwitching-L3-qiita.pkt 2024-05-20 23-11-57.gif

PC5からPC0へPing
Cisco Packet Tracer - E__Cisco Packet Tracer 8.2.2_saves_vlanSwitching-L3-qiita.pkt 2024-05-20 23-13-35.gif

PC0からPC1へPing
Cisco Packet Tracer - E__Cisco Packet Tracer 8.2.2_saves_vlanSwitching-L3-qiita.pkt 2024-05-20 23-15-11.gif

気になったこと,覚えておきたいこと

  • L2スイッチ、ルータ、L3スイッチのコマンドと設定の仕方の違いを覚える

    • VLAN
    L2: (config)#vlan <vlan No.>
L3: (config)#interface vlan <vlan No.>
Router: (config-subif)# encapsuration dot1Q <vlan No.>
    • VLANをインターフェースに割り当てる
      L2,L3: interfaceにaccess,trunkポートの設定とvlanを割り当てる。
      Router: サブインターフェースに割り当てる

  • L3デバイス(router,L3switch)はno shutdownとip addressを忘れない

  • ネットワークを超えない通信はswitchで処理される(基本的すぎるけど改めて確かめて理解した)。

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