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データサイエンスに必要な数学基礎(確率編)

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確率を少しだけ理解するための記事です。

#確率とは
偶然性がある事象が発生する可能性
確率 = ある事象が発生する場合の数 / 起こりうるすべての場合の数

#順列
nの中からr個選んで並べる(順番も考慮する)

_nP_r = \frac{n!}{(n-r)!}\\

例:五人の中から3人を選んで並べる

_5P_3 = \frac {5!}{(5-3)!}=\frac{5\times4\times3\times2\times1}{2\times1} = 60 \

#組み合わせ
nの中からr個選んで並べる(順番は関係ない)

_nC_r = \frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!} \\

例:五人の中から3人を選ぶ組み合わせ

_5P_3 = \frac {5!}{3!(5-3)!}=\frac{5\times4\times3\times2\times1}{3\times2\times1\times2\times1} = 10 \
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