Salesforce Platform - Force.com における OAuth 認証フローのとりまとめ【実践篇】

**Step 1. 認証コードを要求する (HTTP GET)**

https://login.salesforce.com/services/oauth2/authorize
?client_id='<Consumer Key>'
&redirect_uri='<Callback URL>'
&response_type=code

https://login.salesforce.com/services/oauth2/authorize
?response_type=token+id_token
&client_id='<Consumer Key>'
&redirect_uri='<Callback URL>'
&scope=api%20refresh_token%20openid
&nonce=somevalue

https://login.salesforce.com/services/oauth2/success
#access_token='<access_token>'
&refresh_token='<refresh_token>'
&instance_url=https%3A%2F%2Fap.salesforce.com
&id=https%3A%2F%2Flogin.salesforce.com%2Fid%2F00D100000003GXbEAM%2F00510000007rhhQAAQ
&issued_at=1608908106950
&signature='<signature>'
&id_token='<id_token>'
&scope=api+refresh_token+openid
&token_type=Bearer

$ openssl genrsa 2048 > server_advent_2020.key
$ openssl req -new -key server_advent_2020.key > server_advent_2020.csr
$ openssl x509 -days 3650 -req -signkey server_advent_2020.key < server_advent_2020.csr > server_advent_2020.crt

$ openssl pkcs12 -export -in server_advent_2020.crt -inkey server_advent_2020.key -out domain_advent_2020.p12
$ keytool -importkeystore -srckeystore domain_advent_2020.p12 -srcstoretype PKCS12 -destkeystore server_advent_2020.jks -deststoretype JKS

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.net.http.HttpClient;
import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
import java.net.http.HttpRequest.BodyPublishers;
import java.net.http.HttpResponse.BodyHandlers;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.Signature;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;

public class JWTExampleAdvent2020 {
  private static String client_id = "<Consumer Key>";
  private static String userName = "<Username>"; // eg. advent@salesforce.com, the username who has Salesforce profile 'System Administrator'.
  private static String loginUrl = "https://login.salesforce.com";
  private static String jksPath = "<Path>"; // Full path of JKS file.
  // Keytoolコマンド実行時のソース・キーストア(-srckeystore)のパスワード
  private static String srcPassword = "<Password>"; // The password of command 'openssl pkcs12'
  // Keytoolコマンド実行時の出力先キーストアのパスワード
  private static String ksPassword = "<Password>"; // The password of command 'keytool'

  /*
   * Step 2. 署名、アサーションの作成
   */
  public static String generalToken(String clientId, String userName, String loginUrl, String jksPath,
      String ksPassword, String srcPassword, int exp_minutes) {

    String header = "{\"alg\":\"RS256\"}";
    String claimTemplate = "'{'\"iss\": \"{0}\", \"sub\": \"{1}\", \"aud\":\"{2}\", \"exp\": \"{3}\"'}'";
    StringBuffer token = new StringBuffer();

    try {
      // * 1. Encode the JWT Header and add it to our string to sign
      token.append(Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(header.getBytes("UTF-8")));
      // Separate with a period
      token.append(".");
      // * 2. Create the JWT Claims Object
      String[] claimArray = new String[4];
      claimArray[0] = clientId;
      claimArray[1] = userName;
      claimArray[2] = loginUrl;
      claimArray[3] = Long.toString((System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000) + 60 * exp_minutes);
      MessageFormat claims;
      claims = new MessageFormat(claimTemplate);
      String payload = claims.format(claimArray);
      // * 3. Add the encoded claims object
      token.append(Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(payload.getBytes("UTF-8")));
      // * 4. Load the private key from a keystore
      KeyStore keystore = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");
      keystore.load(new FileInputStream(jksPath), ksPassword.toCharArray());
      PrivateKey privateKey = (PrivateKey) keystore.getKey("1", srcPassword.toCharArray());
      // * 5. Sign the JWT Header + "." + JWT Claims Object
      Signature signature = Signature.getInstance("SHA256withRSA");
      signature.initSign(privateKey);
      signature.update(token.toString().getBytes("UTF-8"));
      String signedPayload = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(signature.sign());
      // Separate with a period
      token.append(".");
      // * 6. Add the encoded signature
      token.append(signedPayload);

      return token.toString();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      return null;
    }
  }

  /*
   * Step 3. Access Token 取得 (HTTP GET)
   */
  public static String requestAccessTokenGET(String token) {
    String bodyStr = "";
    HttpClient client = HttpClient.newBuilder().version(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_2).build();
    String uriStr = "https://login.salesforce.com/services/oauth2/token"
        + "?grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer" + "&assertion=" + token;
    HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder().GET().uri(URI.create(uriStr)).build();

    try {
      HttpResponse<String> response = client.send(request, BodyHandlers.ofString());
      // Body
      bodyStr = response.body();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return bodyStr;
  }

  /*
   * Step 3. Access Token 取得 (HTTP POST)
   */
  public static String requestAccessTokenPOST(String token) {
    String bodyStr = "";
    String uriStr = "https://login.salesforce.com/services/oauth2/token";
    Map<String, Object> params = new LinkedHashMap<>();
    params.put("grant_type", "urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer");
    params.put("assertion", token);

    StringBuilder postData = new StringBuilder();
    try {
      for (Map.Entry<String, Object> param : params.entrySet()) {
        if (postData.length() != 0)
          postData.append('&');
        postData.append(URLEncoder.encode(param.getKey(), "UTF-8"));
        postData.append('=');
        postData.append(URLEncoder.encode(String.valueOf(param.getValue()), "UTF-8"));
      }

      HttpClient client = HttpClient.newBuilder().build();
      HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder().uri(URI.create(uriStr))
          .header("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
          .POST(BodyPublishers.ofString(postData.toString())).build();

      HttpResponse<String> response = client.send(request, BodyHandlers.ofString());
      // Body
      bodyStr = response.body();
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return bodyStr;
  }

  public static String getAccessToken(String json) {
    String accessToken = "";
    ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
    // convert JSON string to Map
    Map<String, String> map;
    try {
      map = mapper.readValue(json, new TypeReference<Map<String, String>>(){});
      accessToken = map.get("access_token");
    } catch (JsonMappingException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return accessToken;
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {

    String token = generalToken(client_id, userName, loginUrl, jksPath, ksPassword, srcPassword, 3);
    if (token != null) {
      String bodyStrGet = requestAccessTokenGET(token);
      System.out.println();
      System.out.println("-----------------------------------------");
      System.out.println("Response Body by GET: " + bodyStrGet);
      String accessTokenGet = getAccessToken(bodyStrGet);
      System.out.println("Access Token by GET: " + accessTokenGet);

      String bodyStrPost = requestAccessTokenPOST(token);
      System.out.println();
      System.out.println("-----------------------------------------");
      System.out.println("Response Body by POST: " + bodyStrPost);
      String accessTokenPost = getAccessToken(bodyStrPost);
      System.out.println("Access Token by POST: " + accessTokenPost);
    }
  }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<saml:Assertion xmlns:saml="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion" ID="ASSERTION_ID" IssueInstant="NOT_BEFORE" Version="2.0">
    <saml:Issuer Format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:entity">ISSUER</saml:Issuer>
    <saml:Subject>
        <saml:NameID Format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:unspecified">SUBJECT</saml:NameID>
        <saml:SubjectConfirmation Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer">
            <saml:SubjectConfirmationData NotOnOrAfter="NOT_ON_OR_AFTER" Recipient="RECIPIENT"></saml:SubjectConfirmationData>
        </saml:SubjectConfirmation>
    </saml:Subject>
    <saml:Conditions NotBefore="NOT_BEFORE" NotOnOrAfter="NOT_ON_OR_AFTER">
        <saml:AudienceRestriction>
            <saml:Audience>AUDIENCE</saml:Audience>
        </saml:AudienceRestriction>
    </saml:Conditions>
    <saml:AuthnStatement AuthnInstant="NOT_BEFORE">
        <saml:AuthnContext>
            <saml:AuthnContextClassRef>urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:unspecified</saml:AuthnContextClassRef>
        </saml:AuthnContext>
    </saml:AuthnStatement>
</saml:Assertion>

<ds:SignedInfo xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#">
    <ds:CanonicalizationMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"></ds:CanonicalizationMethod>
    <ds:SignatureMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1"></ds:SignatureMethod>
    <ds:Reference URI="#ASSERTION_ID">
        <ds:Transforms>
            <ds:Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#enveloped-signature"></ds:Transform>
            <ds:Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"></ds:Transform>
        </ds:Transforms>
        <ds:DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1"></ds:DigestMethod>
        <ds:DigestValue>DIGEST</ds:DigestValue>
    </ds:Reference>
</ds:SignedInfo>

<ds:Signature xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#">SIGNED_INFO<ds:SignatureValue>SIGNATURE_VALUE</ds:SignatureValue>
</ds:Signature>
<saml:Subject>

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.net.http.HttpClient;
import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
import java.net.http.HttpRequest.BodyPublishers;
import java.net.http.HttpResponse.BodyHandlers;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.Signature;
import java.security.SignatureException;
import java.security.UnrecoverableKeyException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.TimeZone;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Hex;

public class SAMLBearerAssertionExampleAdvent2020 {
  private String issuer = "<Consumer Key>";
  private String subject = "<Username>"; // eg. advent@salesforce.com, the username who has Salesforce profile 'System Administrator'.
  private String audience = "https://login.salesforce.com";
  private String action = "https://login.salesforce.com/services/oauth2/token";
  private String notBefore;
  private String notOnOrAfter;
  private String assertionId;
  private static String jksPath = "<Path>"; // Full path of JKS file.
  // Keytoolコマンド実行時のソース・キーストア(-srckeystore)のパスワード
  private static String srcPassword = "<Password>"; // The password of command 'openssl pkcs12'
  // Keytoolコマンド実行時の出力先キーストアのパスワード
  private static String ksPassword = "<Password>"; // The password of command 'keytool'
  // SAML Template
  private String preCannonicalizedResponse = "<saml:Assertion xmlns:saml=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion\" ID=\"ASSERTION_ID\" IssueInstant=\"NOT_BEFORE\" Version=\"2.0\"><saml:Issuer Format=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:entity\">ISSUER</saml:Issuer><saml:Subject><saml:NameID Format=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:unspecified\">SUBJECT</saml:NameID><saml:SubjectConfirmation Method=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer\"><saml:SubjectConfirmationData NotOnOrAfter=\"NOT_ON_OR_AFTER\" Recipient=\"RECIPIENT\"></saml:SubjectConfirmationData></saml:SubjectConfirmation></saml:Subject><saml:Conditions NotBefore=\"NOT_BEFORE\" NotOnOrAfter=\"NOT_ON_OR_AFTER\"><saml:AudienceRestriction><saml:Audience>AUDIENCE</saml:Audience></saml:AudienceRestriction></saml:Conditions><saml:AuthnStatement AuthnInstant=\"NOT_BEFORE\"><saml:AuthnContext><saml:AuthnContextClassRef>urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:unspecified</saml:AuthnContextClassRef></saml:AuthnContext></saml:AuthnStatement></saml:Assertion>";
  private String preCannonicalizedSignedInfo = "<ds:SignedInfo xmlns:ds=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#\"><ds:CanonicalizationMethod Algorithm=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#\"></ds:CanonicalizationMethod><ds:SignatureMethod Algorithm=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1\"></ds:SignatureMethod><ds:Reference URI=\"#ASSERTION_ID\"><ds:Transforms><ds:Transform Algorithm=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#enveloped-signature\"></ds:Transform><ds:Transform Algorithm=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#\"></ds:Transform></ds:Transforms><ds:DigestMethod Algorithm=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1\"></ds:DigestMethod><ds:DigestValue>DIGEST</ds:DigestValue></ds:Reference></ds:SignedInfo>";
  private String signatureBlock = "<ds:Signature xmlns:ds=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#\">SIGNED_INFO<ds:SignatureValue>SIGNATURE_VALUE</ds:SignatureValue></ds:Signature><saml:Subject>";
  // millisecs
  static final long ONE_MINUTE_IN_MILLIS = 60000;
  SimpleDateFormat dateTimeFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss'Z'");

  public SAMLBearerAssertionExampleAdvent2020() {
    Calendar utcCal = Calendar.getInstance(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"));
    dateTimeFormat.setTimeZone(utcCal.getTimeZone());
    Date utcDate = utcCal.getTime();
    long nowLong = utcDate.getTime();
    Date notBeforeDt = new Date(nowLong - 2 * ONE_MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
    notBefore = dateTimeFormat.format(notBeforeDt);
    Date notOnOrAfterDt = new Date(nowLong + 5 * ONE_MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
    notOnOrAfter = dateTimeFormat.format(notOnOrAfterDt);

    try {
      Double random = Math.random();
      MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
      assertionId = new String(Hex.encodeHex(digest.digest(("assertion" + random).getBytes())));
    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }

  public String getSAMLResult() {
    preCannonicalizedResponse = preCannonicalizedResponse.replaceAll("ASSERTION_ID", assertionId);
    preCannonicalizedResponse = preCannonicalizedResponse.replaceAll("ISSUER", issuer);
    preCannonicalizedResponse = preCannonicalizedResponse.replaceAll("AUDIENCE", audience);
    preCannonicalizedResponse = preCannonicalizedResponse.replaceAll("RECIPIENT", action);
    preCannonicalizedResponse = preCannonicalizedResponse.replaceAll("SUBJECT", subject);
    preCannonicalizedResponse = preCannonicalizedResponse.replaceAll("NOT_BEFORE", notBefore);
    preCannonicalizedResponse = preCannonicalizedResponse.replaceAll("NOT_ON_OR_AFTER", notOnOrAfter);

    try {
      // * 1. Prepare the Digest
      MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
      byte[] result = digest.digest(preCannonicalizedResponse.getBytes());
      String digestString = Base64.encodeBase64String(result);
      // * 2. Prepare the SignedInfo
      preCannonicalizedSignedInfo = preCannonicalizedSignedInfo.replaceAll("ASSERTION_ID", assertionId);
      preCannonicalizedSignedInfo = preCannonicalizedSignedInfo.replaceAll("DIGEST", digestString);
      byte[] input = preCannonicalizedSignedInfo.getBytes("UTF-8");
      KeyStore keystore = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");
      keystore.load(new FileInputStream(jksPath), ksPassword.toCharArray());
      PrivateKey privateKey = (PrivateKey) keystore.getKey("1", srcPassword.toCharArray());
      // * 3. Sign the SignedInfo
      Signature signature = Signature.getInstance("SHA1withRSA");
      signature.initSign(privateKey);
      signature.update(input);
      String signatureString = Base64.encodeBase64String(signature.sign());
      // * 4. Prepare the signature block
      signatureBlock = signatureBlock.replaceAll("SIGNED_INFO", preCannonicalizedSignedInfo);
      signatureBlock = signatureBlock.replaceAll("SIGNATURE_VALUE", signatureString);
    } catch (SignatureException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (CertificateException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (KeyStoreException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (UnrecoverableKeyException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }

    preCannonicalizedResponse = preCannonicalizedResponse.replaceAll("<saml:Subject>", signatureBlock);
    return preCannonicalizedResponse;
  }

  public void postSAML() {
    String bodyStr = "";
    String saml = getSAMLResult();

    try {
      String assertion = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(saml.getBytes("UTF-8"));
      Map<String, Object> params = new LinkedHashMap<>();
      params.put("grant_type", "urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:saml2-bearer");
      params.put("assertion", assertion);

      StringBuilder postData = new StringBuilder();
      for (Map.Entry<String, Object> param : params.entrySet()) {
        if (postData.length() != 0)
          postData.append('&');
        postData.append(URLEncoder.encode(param.getKey(), "UTF-8"));
        postData.append('=');
        postData.append(URLEncoder.encode(String.valueOf(param.getValue()), "UTF-8"));
      }

      HttpClient client = HttpClient.newBuilder().build();
      HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder().uri(URI.create(action))
          .header("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
          .POST(BodyPublishers.ofString(postData.toString())).build();
      HttpResponse<String> response = client.send(request, BodyHandlers.ofString());
      bodyStr = response.body();
      System.out.println();
      System.out.println("-----------------------------------------");
      System.out.println("Response Body by POST: " + bodyStr);
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SAMLBearerAssertionExampleAdvent2020 samlExample = new SAMLBearerAssertionExampleAdvent2020();
    samlExample.postSAML();
  }
}

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;

public class BasicAuthorization {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    String client_id = "<Consumer Key>";
    String client_secret = "<Consumer Secret>";
    String basic = client_id + ":" + client_secret;
    System.out.println("basic: " + basic);

    try {
      String token = Base64.encodeBase64String(basic.getBytes("UTF-8"));
      System.out.println("Authorization Basic Token: " + token);
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
}

フロー名	画面認証	Refresh Token 発行・サポート	学習順
OAuth 2.0 Web Server Flow	有	Yes	Level-1
OAuth 2.0 User-Agent Flow	有	Yes	Level-1
OAuth 2.0 Username-Password Flow	無	No	Level-1
OAuth 2.0 Refresh Token Flow	無	-	Level-1
OAuth 2.0 Device Flow	有	Yes	Level-1
OAuth 2.0 JWT Bearer Flow	無	No	Level-2
OAuth 2.0 SAML Bearer Assertion Flow	無	No	Level-2
OAuth 2.0 Asset Token Flow	(-)	(-)	Level-3
OpenID Connect Token Introspection	無	-	Level-1

Salesforce Platform - Force.com における OAuth 認証フローのとりまとめ【実践篇】

1. Web Server Flow

2. User-Agent Flow

3. Username-Password Flow

4. Refresh Token Flow

5. Device Flow

6. JWT Bearer Flow

7. SAML Bearer Assertion Flow

8. Asset Token Flow

Appendix 1. OpenID Connect Token Introspection

JWT	SAML	備考
iss	ISSUER	client_id
sub	SUBJECT	Salesforce ユーザのユーザ名
aud	AUDIENCE	https://login.salesforce.com または https://test.salesforce.com
-	RECIPIENT	次の URL のいずれか・https://login.salesforce.com/services/oauth2/token ・https://test.salesforce.com/services/oauth2/token ・https:///services/oauth2/token
exp	-	アサーションの有効時間
-	NOT_BEFORE	アサーションの有効期間 - 開始
-	NOT_ON_OR_AFTER	アサーションの有効期間 - 終了