VirtualBoxとVagrantでCentOS8の仮想環境を導入(Windows10)

はじめに

Windows上にLinuxの開発環境がほしかったのでCentOS8をインストールすることにしました。手順を簡単にまとめておきたいと思います。

環境

Windows10
※VirtualBoxとVagrantをインストール済み

手順

コマンドプロンプトで適当な場所に仮想環境用のディレクトリを作成し、そこに移動します

mkdir venv_centos8
cd venv_centos8

vagrant box addコマンドでBoxをダウンロード
CentOS8はgeneric/centos8という名前で指定します

vagrant box add generic/centos8

以下のように表示されるので5を選択

==> box: Loading metadata for box 'generic/centos8'
    box: URL: https://vagrantcloud.com/generic/centos8
This box can work with multiple providers! The providers that it
can work with are listed below. Please review the list and choose
the provider you will be working with.

1) docker
2) hyperv
3) libvirt
4) parallels
5) virtualbox
6) vmware_desktop

Enter your choice: 5

ダウンロードにかなり時間がかかるので暇つぶしをします。
ダウンロードが終わったら下記コマンド実行してVagrantfileを生成します。

vagrant init generic/centos8

Vagrantfileに設定を追加して保存しましょう。ここは以下のように設定して次へ進みます。Vagrantファイルに関する詳しい説明は以下の記事を参照するといいと思います。

Vagrant入門から実践まで

Vagrantfile

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "generic/centos8"

  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  # config.vm.box_check_update = false

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
  # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
  config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8888, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"

  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.11"

  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network.
  # config.vm.network "public_network"

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", :mount_options => ["dmode=777", "fmode=777"]

  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  # Example for VirtualBox:
  #
  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  #   vb.gui = true
  #
  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
    vb.memory = "2048"
  end
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.

  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Ansible, Chef, Docker, Puppet and Salt are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   apt-get update
  #   apt-get install -y apache2
  # SHELL
end

Vagrantfileを設定したら、下記コマンドで仮想環境を立ち上げます。

vagrant up

仮想マシンが起動したのでSSHで接続します

vagrant ssh

これでCentOS側の操作画面に入れていれば導入は終わりです。
なお、仮想マシンのシャットダウンは、exitで仮想環境を抜け、Vagrantfileがあるディレクトリでvagrant haltを実行すると行えます。

おわりに

半分自分用にまとめているので、説明不十分な点があれば申し訳ないですが、みなさまの参考になれば幸いです。
間違い、アドバイス等あればコメントでご指摘ください。

最後まで読んでいただきありがとうございます。