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【Ruby】ArrayとHashの便利メソッドまとめ(随時更新)

Last updated at Posted at 2022-10-11

はじめに

RubyのArrayとHashの便利メソッドをまとめてあります。
ぜひ辞書としてご活用ください。

Array

取得([], first, last, index, select, find)

  • n番目の要素を取得
    要素数を超えるとnilが返る
array = ['red', 'blue', 'green']
p array[1]
# => 'blue'
p array[5]
# => nil
  • 後ろからn番目を取得
    要素数を超えるとnilが返る
array = ['red', 'blue', 'green']
p array[-1]
# => 'green'
p array[-5]
# => nil
  • 先頭・末尾を取得
array = ['red', 'blue', 'green']
p array.first
# => 'red'
p array.last
# => 'green'
  • indexを取得
    要素が存在しないとnilを返す
array = ['red', 'blue', 'green']
p array.index('blue')
# => 1
p array.index('yellow')
# => nil
p array.index{|e| e == 'blue' || e == 'green'}
# => 1
  • 条件で複数取得
array = [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
p array.select{|e| e % 2 == 0}
# => [4, 2]
  • 条件で1件取得
    条件を満たす要素が存在しない場合はnilを返す
array = [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
p array.find{|e| e % 2 == 0}
# => 4
p array.find{|e| e > 5}
# => nil

追加(push, unshift)

  • 末尾に追加
array = ['red', 'blue', 'green']
array.push('yellow')
p array
# => ['red', 'blue', 'green', 'yellow']
  • 先頭に追加
array = ['red', 'blue', 'green']
array.unshift('yellow')
p array
# => ['yellow', 'red', 'blue', 'green']

削除(pop, shift)

  • 末尾を削除
array = ['red', 'blue', 'green']
p array.pop
# => 'green'
p array
# => ['red', 'blue']
  • 先頭を削除
array = ['red', 'blue', 'green']
p array.shift
# => 'red'
p array
# => ['blue', 'green']

確認(empty?, include?)

  • 空配列かどうか
array = []
p array.empty?
# => true
  • 要素が存在するかどうか
array = ['red', 'blue', 'green']
p array.include?('red')
# => true

変形(compact, flatten)

  • nilを削除
array = ['red', nil, 'blue', nil, 'green']
p array.compact
# => ['red', 'blue', 'green']
  • 多次元配列を1次元配列にする
array = [['red', ['blue']], 'green']
p array.flatten
# => ['red', 'blue', 'green']

変換(to_h)

  • Hashに変換
    2要素の2次元配列のみ可能
array = [['apple', 'red'], ['banana', 'yellow']]
p array.to_h
# => {'apple'=>'red', 'banana'=>'yellow'}

Hash

取得([])

  • keyからvalueを取得
    keyが存在しない場合はnilが返る
hash = {'apple' => 'red', 'banana' => 'yellow'}
p hash['apple']
# => 'red'
p hash['grape']
# => nil

追加([]=)

  • keyとvalueを追加
hash = {'apple' => 'red', 'banana' => 'yellow'}
hash['grape'] = 'purple'
p hash
# => {'apple'=>'red', 'banana'=>'yellow', 'grape'=>'purple'}

削除(delete)

  • keyとvalueを削除
    keyが存在しない場合はnilが返る
hash = {'apple' => 'red', 'banana' => 'yellow'}
p hash.delete('apple')
# => 'red'
p hash
# => {'banana'=>'yellow'}
p hash.delete('grape')
# => nil

確認(empty?, key?, has_key?)

  • 空Hashかどうか
hash = {}
p array.empty?
# => true
  • keyが存在するかどうか
hash = {'apple' => 'red', 'banana' => 'yellow'}
p hash.key?('apple')
# => true
p hash.has_key?('apple')
# => true

変換(to_a)

  • Arrayに変換
    2次元配列になる
hash = {'apple' => 'red', 'banana' => 'yellow'}
p hash.to_a
# => [['apple', 'red'], ['banana', 'yellow']]
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