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[iOS] Swiftで文字列から任意の文字列を取得・残す方法

Last updated at Posted at 2014-12-17

文字列から文字列を取得するには大きく2つやり方があります。

・取得元から範囲を指定して、新たに変数へ代入する方法
・取得元から不要な文字列を削除し、任意の文字列を残す方法
 
##1 取得元の文字列は不変##
####・先頭からの取得範囲を指定 ####
関数:substringToIndex(from: String.Index)

let str = "Hello World!"

(str as NSString).substringToIndex(5)             // Hello
str.substringToIndex(advance(str.startIndex, 5))  // Hello
"Hello World!".substringToIndex(5)                // Hello

 
###・スタート地点を指定しそれ以降を全て取得
関数:substringFromIndex(to: String.Index)

let str2 = "Hello World!"

(str2 as NSString).substringFromIndex(5)              // World!
str2.substringFromIndex(advance(str2.startIndex, 5))  // World!
"Hello World!".substringFromIndex(5)                  // World!

 
###・先頭からの取得範囲を指定
関数:substringWithRange(range: NSRange)

let str    = "Hello World!"

let getStr = (str as NSString).substringWithRange(NSRange(location: 5, length: 7))  // World!
"Hello World!".substringWithRange(NSRange(location: 5, length: 7))                  // World!

 
##2 一文字だけ取得
###・頭文字

let str = "Hello, World!"
str[str.startIndex]  // "H"

 
###・任意の場所

let str = "Hello, World!"
str[advance(str.startIndex, 5)]  // "."

##3 取得元の文字列を変える ##
・指定範囲を削除 = 必要なものを残す

// String型
var str = "Hello World!"
str.removeRange(str.startIndex..<advance(str.startIndex, 5))  // str = " World!"

//MutableString型
let str:NSMutableString = "Hello World!"                     
str.deleteCharactersInRange(NSRange(location: 0,length: 5))     // str = " World!"

 

####※こちらの記事を参考にさせていただきました####
String.substring〜の使い方
http://qiita.com/takmaru/items/2442ad5eb0f76815e1b3
[Swift]Stringから1文字目を取り出す方法メモ
http://qiita.com/iKichiemon/items/4736110a80dab10177ea

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