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@ftakao2007(san Fukui)

Ubuntu16.04 デスクトップ環境覚書

Last updated at Posted at 2017-05-17

概要

Ubuntu16.04をノートPCに入れたので設定や覚書を書いていく

初期設定

端末の設定

ソフトウェアのインストール

必要なものを選んで入れる

### updateと基本的なソフトのインストール
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgrade
$ sudo apt-get install build-essential wget git telnet traceroute perl patch tcpdump screen strace sysstat lsof zip unzip bzip2 sudo pv openssh-server curl vim net-tools

### エディタの設定
$ sudo update-alternatives --config editor

### ログインシェルの設定
$ sudo vi /etc/passwd
================================================
ftakao2007:x:1000:1000:ftakao2007,,,:/home/ftakao2007:/bin/bash
================================================

### pipのインストール
$ sudo sh -c "curl -kL https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python"

### Ansibleのインストール
$ sudo apt-get install libssl-dev libffi-dev python-dev
$ sudo pip install ansible

### 作業用リポジトリをclone
$ git clone https://github.com/ftakao2007/work.git

### rbenvのインストール
$ cd work/build/common-app
$ ansible-playbook -i "127.0.0.1," -k -K -c paramiko rbenv.yml
$ sudo gem install rbenv-rehash bundler pry pry-doc
$ sudo gem install pry-stack_explorer pry-byebug

### pyenvのインストール
$ sudo apt-get install libssl-dev libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev
$ cd /usr/local
$ sudo git clone https://github.com/yyuu/pyenv.git
$ sudo vi /etc/profile.d/pyenv.sh
================================================
export PYENV_ROOT="/usr/local/pyenv"
export PATH="/usr/local/pyenv/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
================================================
$ sudo visudo
================================================
...
Defaults        secure_path="/usr/local/pyenv/bin:/usr/local/pyenv/shims:/usr/local/rbenv/bin:/usr/local/rbenv/shims:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
...
Defaults        env_keep += "PATH RBENV_ROOT"
Defaults        env_keep += "PATH PYENV_ROOT"
================================================
$ sudo pyenv install 3.6.1
$ cd /usr/local/pyenv/plugins
$ git clone https://github.com/yyuu/pyenv-virtualenv.git
$ sudo vi /etc/profile.d/pyenv-virtualenv.sh
================================================
export PYENV_ROOT="/usr/local/pyenv"
eval "$(/usr/local/pyenv/bin/pyenv virtualenv-init -)"
================================================

### docker, docker-composeのインストール
$ cd ../dockerhost
$ vi ubuntu.yml
================================================
### ユーザ名設定
  vars:
    user_name: ftakao2007
================================================
$ ansible-playbook -i "127.0.0.1," -k -K -c paramiko ubuntu.yml

### aliasの設定
$ vi ~/.bashrc
================================================
alias dps="sudo docker ps -a"
alias dim="sudo docker images"
alias drm="sudo docker rm"
alias dstart="sudo docker start"
alias dstop="sudo docker stop"
dexec() 
{
    sudo docker exec -it $1 /bin/bash --login
}
dcpupd()
{
    sudo docker-compose -f $1 up -d
}
dcpstop()
{
    sudo docker-compose -f $1 stop
}
dcprmf()
{
    sudo docker-compose -f $1 rm -f
}
================================================

### Javaのインストール
$ sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk

### MySQLのインストール
### URLは毎回要確認
$ wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-apt-config_0.8.6-1_all.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_0.8.6-1_all.deb
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server
$ sudo apt-get install mysql-workbench-community

### LDAP管理ツール(LDAP Administration tool)のインストール
$ sudo apt-get install lat

Jupyter環境

dockerhubのイメージを利用

$ cd ../../docker/docker_compose/common-app
$ sudo docker-compose -f docker-compose_jupyter_iruby.yml up -d
$ sudo docker exec -it jupyter_iruby /bin/bash --login

$ cd /root/jupyter
$ ip=`ip a | grep -w inet | grep -v 127.0.0.1 | awk '{print $2}' | awk -F'/' '{print $1}'`
$ nohup bundle exec iruby notebook --ip=$ip &
$ cat nohup.out  ### <- check password

http://(docker host ip):8888

例えば http://127.0.0.1:8888

メールの設定

  • ThunderbirdでGmail設定

Rubymine設定

  • WindowsやMacと同じ

Chromeインストール

ストレージサービスマウント

ダブルクリックで実行可能ファイルを実行

スクリーンショット

  • 全体
    • PrintScreen
  • 特定の領域
    • Shitf + PrintScreen

仮想デスクトップ

CD

音楽を取り込む

  • asunderをインストールして起動する
  • lameはmp3に変換するために必要
$ sudo apt-get install asunder lame
  • 設定
    • 全般
      • 保存先 : ミュージック
    • エンコード
      • MP3
    • 詳細
      • ディスク情報をインターネットから自動的に取得
        • サーバ : freedbtest.dyndns.org
        • ポート : 80
          • デフォルトのfreedb.freedb.org:8880だと日本語の情報が取得できない？

CD作成

$ sudo apt-get install brasero

iPhoneに取り込む(確認中)

$ sudo apt-get install amarok

やること

  • クリップボード設定
  • バーチャルデスクトップ
  • エディタ設定
  • LINE設定
  • Slack設定
  • Chrome設定
  • VPN設定
  • Kobo設定

トラブルシューティング

$ sudo rm /var/crash/*
$ sudo sed -i 's/enabled=1/enabled=0/g' /etc/default/apport

参考

デスクトップ環境インストール

  • docker等でminimalからデスクトップ環境を構築する場合
  • ユーザ名はftakao2007
### $ sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
### デスクトップはlxde
$ sudo apt-get install lxde

### 日本語設定
### $ sudo apt-get install language-pack-ja-base language-pack-ja ibus-mozc fonts-ipafont
$ sudo apt-get install language-pack-ja-base language-pack-ja ibus-mozc fonts-takao-gothic
$ update-locale LANG=ja_JP.UTF-8 LANGUAGE="ja_JP:ja"
$ source /etc/default/locale
$ echo $LANG
================================================
ja_JP.UTF-8
================================================

### 日本の時刻設定
$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata

### tigervncserverのインストール
$ wget https://dl.bintray.com/tigervnc/stable/ubuntu-16.04LTS/amd64/tigervncserver_1.8.0-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
$ sudo apt-get install gdebi
$ sudo gdebi tigervncserver_1.8.0-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
$ vncserver
================================================
You will require a password to access your desktops.

Password:
Verify:
Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? y
Password:
Verify:
xauth:  file /home/prefuser/.Xauthority does not exist

New 'fdb816d13269:1 (prefuser)' desktop is fdb816d13269:1

Creating default startup script /home/prefuser/.vnc/xstartup
Creating default config /home/prefuser/.vnc/config
Starting applications specified in /home/prefuser/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/prefuser/.vnc/fdb816d13269:1.log
================================================

$ vncserver -kill :1
================================================
Killing Xvnc process ID 5603
================================================

$ vi ~/.vnc/xstartup
================================================
      ;;
  esac
fi

/usr/bin/ibus-daemon -d   ### <- このあたりにこれを追加
/usr/bin/startlxde &      ### <- このあたりにこれを追加

if [ -x /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc ]; then
  exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
fi
================================================

$ sudo vi /etc/default/vncservers
================================================
...
VNCSERVERS="2:ftakao2007"
VNCSERVERARGS[2]="-geometry 800x600 -nolisten tcp -localhost"
================================================

$ sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@.service
================================================
# The vncserver service unit file
#
# Quick HowTo:
# 1. Copy this file to /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@.service
# 2. Edit <USER> and vncserver parameters appropriately
#   ("runuser -l <USER> -c /usr/bin/vncserver %i -arg1 -arg2")
# 3. Run `systemctl daemon-reload`
# 4. Run `systemctl enable vncserver@:<display>.service`
#
# DO NOT RUN THIS SERVICE if your local area network is
# untrusted!  For a secure way of using VNC, you should
# limit connections to the local host and then tunnel from
# the machine you want to view VNC on (host A) to the machine
# whose VNC output you want to view (host B)
#
# [user@hostA ~]$ ssh -v -C -L 590N:localhost:590M hostB
#
# this will open a connection on port 590N of your hostA to hostB's port 590M
# (in fact, it ssh-connects to hostB and then connects to localhost (on hostB).
# See the ssh man page for details on port forwarding)
#
# You can then point a VNC client on hostA at vncdisplay N of localhost and with
# the help of ssh, you end up seeing what hostB makes available on port 590M
#
# Use "-nolisten tcp" to prevent X connections to your VNC server via TCP.
#
# Use "-localhost" to prevent remote VNC clients connecting except when
# doing so through a secure tunnel.  See the "-via" option in the
# `man vncviewer' manual page.


[Unit]
Description=Remote desktop service (VNC)
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
# Clean any existing files in /tmp/.X11-unix environment
ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :'
### runuserが無くなったのでsuで実行
# ExecStart=/usr/sbin/runuser -l ftakao2007 -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i -geometry  1280x1024"
ExecStart=/bin/su ftakao2007 -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i -geometry  1280x1024"
PIDFile=/home/ftakao2007/.vnc/%H%i.pid
ExecStop=/bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :'

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
================================================
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
$ sudo systemctl enable vncserver@:2.service
$ sudo systemctl start vncserver@:2.service

※ vncクライアントで「(server):5902」にアクセス
  • 日本語入力設定
    • 「設定」⇒「iBusの設定」⇒「General」
      • Next input methodを「+space」に変更
    • 「設定」⇒「iBusの設定」⇒「Input Method」
      • 「英語(US)」を削除 これで「半角/全角」キーで日本語入力と英語入力を切り替えられるようになる
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